A reducing agent monomer for preparing a styrene-acrylic emulsion by an oxidation-reduction reaction at room temperature and a synthesis method thereof are disclosed. Maleic anhydride (MAH) and dimethylethanolamine (DMEA) are used as raw materials to synthesize the reducing agent monomer: 4-(2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy)-4-oxobut-2-enoic acid, and the synthesis method involves inexpensive easily-available raw materials, simple synthesis conditions, and easy purification. With the synthesized reducing agent monomer as a reducing agent, potassium persulfate (KPS) as an oxidizing agent, water as a dispersion medium, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) as an emulsifier, and styrene, butyl acrylate (BA), and methylmethacrylate (MMA) as comonomers, free-radical microemulsion polymerization is conducted at room temperature to obtain a styrene-acrylic emulsion. In the synthesis of the styrene-acrylic emulsion, a monomer conversion rate is high, and a styrene-acrylic emulsion with a high molecular weight and a branched structure can be obtained at room temperature.

A reducing agent monomer for preparing a styrene-acrylic emulsion by an oxidation-reduction reaction at room temperature and a synthesis method thereof are disclosed. Maleic anhydride (MAH) and dimethylethanolamine (DMEA) are used as raw materials to synthesize the reducing agent monomer: 4-(2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy)-4-oxobut-2-enoic acid, and the synthesis method involves inexpensive easily-available raw materials, simple synthesis conditions, and easy purification. With the synthesized reducing agent monomer as a reducing agent, potassium persulfate (KPS) as an oxidizing agent, water as a dispersion medium, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) as an emulsifier, and styrene, butyl acrylate (BA), and methylmethacrylate (MMA) as comonomers, free-radical microemulsion polymerization is conducted at room temperature to obtain a styrene-acrylic emulsion. In the synthesis of the styrene-acrylic emulsion, a monomer conversion rate is high, and a styrene-acrylic emulsion with a high molecular weight and a branched structure can be obtained at room temperature.

Stillage solids concentration methods are disclosed wherein a solids concentration aid is added to a process stream mixture in a corn to ethanol process. The solids concentration aid may comprise a cationic polymer coagulant or flocculant or both, a starch based coagulant or flocculant or a biologically derived (i.e., plant or animal origin) coagulant or flocculant. Acrylamide/quaternary ammonium copolymers and homopolymeric polydiallyldimethyl ammonium chloride polymers are noteworthy examples of suitable solids concentration aids.

Stillage solids concentration methods are disclosed wherein a solids concentration aid is added to a process stream mixture in a corn to ethanol process. The solids concentration aid may comprise a cationic polymer coagulant or flocculant or both, a starch based coagulant or flocculant or a biologically derived (i.e., plant or animal origin) coagulant or flocculant. Acrylamide/quaternary ammonium copolymers and homopolymeric polydiallyldimethyl ammonium chloride polymers are noteworthy examples of suitable solids concentration aids.

Provided is a polymer having antimicrobial and disinfecting properties against a wide range of kinds of germs. A polymer, including: a polymer chain having a repeating unit represented by the following formula (1); and a partial structure (excluding the polymer chain) derived from a compound containing a group represented by —NH—. [In formula (1), R.sup.1 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, Z represents a group forming an organic ammonium salt, —NR.sup.5R.sup.6 (where R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, or a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon group), or a substituted or unsubstituted nitrogen-containing heterocyclic group, and X represents a single bond, or a divalent linking group.] ##STR00001##

Provided is a polymer having antimicrobial and disinfecting properties against a wide range of kinds of germs. A polymer, including: a polymer chain having a repeating unit represented by the following formula (1); and a partial structure (excluding the polymer chain) derived from a compound containing a group represented by —NH—. [In formula (1), R.sup.1 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, Z represents a group forming an organic ammonium salt, —NR.sup.5R.sup.6 (where R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, or a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon group), or a substituted or unsubstituted nitrogen-containing heterocyclic group, and X represents a single bond, or a divalent linking group.] ##STR00001##

The present invention relates to compositions thermally curable on demand by red to near infrared irradiation, method of using same for thermal amplification of free radical polymerizations, and articles obtained by such method. The invention also relates to the use of a heat-generating dye in association with a thermal initiator for controlling the onset of thermal free radical polymerization.

The present invention relates to compositions thermally curable on demand by red to near infrared irradiation, method of using same for thermal amplification of free radical polymerizations, and articles obtained by such method. The invention also relates to the use of a heat-generating dye in association with a thermal initiator for controlling the onset of thermal free radical polymerization.

A process prepares a cross-linked polymer containing urethane groups and silicon atoms. Starting materials of the process include a compound A) with a five-membered cyclic monothiocarbonate group, a compound B) with an amino group, selected from primary or secondary amino groups or blocked amino groups, and optionally, a compound C) with at least one functional group that reacts with a group —SH. One of the compounds contains a silicon-functional group. In one example of the process, compounds A) and B), and optionally C), are then reacted under exclusion of water to obtain a polymer with curable silicon-functional groups. The polymer is applied to a surface, gap, or a three-dimensional template. The silicon-functional groups are cured with ambient water. The polymer contains 0.001 to 0.3 mol of silicon per 100 g of the polymer.

A process prepares a cross-linked polymer containing urethane groups and silicon atoms. Starting materials of the process include a compound A) with a five-membered cyclic monothiocarbonate group, a compound B) with an amino group, selected from primary or secondary amino groups or blocked amino groups, and optionally, a compound C) with at least one functional group that reacts with a group —SH. One of the compounds contains a silicon-functional group. In one example of the process, compounds A) and B), and optionally C), are then reacted under exclusion of water to obtain a polymer with curable silicon-functional groups. The polymer is applied to a surface, gap, or a three-dimensional template. The silicon-functional groups are cured with ambient water. The polymer contains 0.001 to 0.3 mol of silicon per 100 g of the polymer.