The present invention relates to a process for preparing polyether polyols by adding alkylene oxides onto H-functional starter compounds, characterized in that at least one alcohol containing at least two urethane groups is used as H-functional starter compound. The invention further provides the polyether polyols containing a structural unit of the formula (IV) where R.sup.1 is linear or branched C.sub.2 to C.sub.24-alkylene which may optionally be interrupted by heteroatoms such as O, S or N and may be substituted, preferably CH.sub.2CH.sub.2 or CH.sub.2CH(CH.sub.3), R.sup.2 is linear or branched C.sub.2 to C.sub.24-alkylene, C.sub.3 to C.sub.24-cycloalkylene, C.sub.4 to C.sub.24-arylene, C.sub.5 to C.sub.24-aralkylene, C.sub.2 to C.sub.24-alkenylene, C.sub.2 to C.sub.24-alkynylene, each of which may optionally by interrupted by heteroatoms such as O, S or N and/or may each be substituted by alkyl, aryl and/or hydroxyl, preferably C.sub.2 to CM alkylene, R.sup.3 is H, linear or branched C.sub.1 to C.sub.24-alkyl, C.sub.3 to C.sub.24-cycloalkyl, C.sub.4 to C.sub.24-aryl, C.sub.5 to C.sub.24-aralkyl, C.sub.2 to C.sub.24-alkenyl, C.sub.2 to C.sub.24-alkynyl, each of which may optionally be interrupted by heteroatoms such as O, S or N and/or each of which may be substituted by alkyl, aryl and/or hydroxyl, preferably H, R.sup.4, is H, linear or branched O to C.sub.24-alkyl, C.sub.24-cycloalkyl, C.sub.4 to C.sub.24-aryl, C.sub.5 to C.sub.24-aralkyl, C.sub.2 to C.sub.24-alkenyl, C.sub.2 to C.sub.24-alkynyl, each of which may be interrupted by heteroatoms such as O, S or N and/or each of which may be substituted by alkyl, aryl and/or hydroxyl, preferably H, IV is linear or branched C.sub.2 to C.sub.24-alkylene which may optionally be interrupted by heteroatoms such as O, S or N and may be substituted, preferably CH.sub.2CH.sub.2 or CH.sub.2CH(CH.sub.3), and where R.sup.1 to R.sup.5 may be identical or different from one another, and the polyether polyols obtainable by the process according to the invention.

The present invention relates to a composition containing a particulate solid, an organic or aqueous medium and a dispersant that may be a reaction product of an organic di or polyepoxide with a primary amine, aminoalcohol, amino acid, hydroxyacid or alcohol containing a fused or non-fused aromatic imide group. The invention further provides compositions for coatings, inks, toners, plastic materials (such as thermoplastics), plasticizers, plastisols, crude grinding and flush.

The present invention relates to a method for producing polyether carbonate polyols by attaching alkyloxides and carbon dioxide to H-functional starter compounds, characterized in that at least one alcohol containing at least two urethane groups is used as the H-functional starter compound. The invention further relates to polyether carbonate polyols containing a structural unit of the formula (IV), wherein: R.sup.1 denotes a linear or branched C.sub.2 to C.sub.24-alkylene, which optionally can be interrupted by heteroatoms of O, S or N and can be substituted, preferably by CH.sub.2CH.sub.2 or CH.sub.2CH(CH.sub.3); R.sup.2 denotes a linear or branched C.sub.2 to C.sub.24-alkylene, C.sub.3 to C.sub.24-cycloalkylene, C.sub.4 to C.sub.24-alkylene, C.sub.5 to C.sub.24-aralkylene, C.sub.2 to C.sub.24-alkenylene, C.sub.2 to C.sub.24-alkynylene, each of which can optionally be interrupted by heteroatoms such as O, S or N and/or can be substituted with alkyl, aryl and/or hydroxyl groups, preferably C.sub.2 to C.sub.24-alkyls; R.sup.3 denotes H, linear or branched C.sub.1 to C.sub.24-alkyl, C.sub.3 to C.sub.24-cycloalkyl, C.sub.4 to C.sub.24-aryl, C.sub.5 to C.sub.24-aralkyl, C.sub.2 to C.sub.24-alkenyl, C.sub.2 to C.sub.24-alkynyl, each of which can optionally be interrupted by heteroatoms such as O, S or N and/or can each be substituted with alkyl, aryl and/or hydroxyl groups, preferably H; R.sup.4 denotes H, a linear of branched C.sub.1 to C.sub.24-alkyl, C.sub.3 to C.sub.24-cycloalkyl, C.sub.4 to C.sub.24-aryl, C.sub.5 to C.sub.24-aralkyl, C.sub.2 to C24-alkenyl, C2 to C.sub.24-alkynyl, each of which can optionally be interrupted by heteroatoms such as O, S or N and/or can each be substituted with alkyl, aryl and/or hydroxyl groups, preferably H; R.sup.5 denotes a linear or branched C.sub.2 to C.sub.24-alkylene, which can optionally be interrupted by heteroatoms such as O, S or N and can be substituted, preferably by CH.sub.2CH.sub.2 or CH.sub.2CH(CH.sub.3); and wherein R1 to R5 can be identical or different to each other.

The present invention relates to a compound of formula (I):

##STR00001##

in which: the R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 groups, which may be identical or different, are, independently of one another, a saturated or unsaturated, linear, branched or cyclic hydrocarbon group having from 1 to 15 carbon atoms, preferably from 1 to 10 carbon atoms; the R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 groups, which may be identical or different, are selected, independently of one another, from a hydrogen atom, a methyl group or an ethyl group; the R, R.sub.6 and R.sub.7 groups, which may be identical or different, are selected, independently of one another, from a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group comprising from 1 to 6 carbon atoms; n is an integer of 0 to 20; and m is an integer of 1 to 6.

The present disclosure discloses a method for preparing a polyether polyol in a continuous reaction cycle. In the method, a low molecular-weight alcohol is polymerized with an alkylene oxide to obtain a low molecular-weight polymer. The low molecular-weight polymer is used as an initiator to react with the alkylene oxide and the low molecular-weight alcohol in the presence of a DMC catalyst and an acid promoter to obtain an intermediate-target polymer. A portion of the intermediate-target polymer is used for producing the target polymer, and the other portion is recycled for reproduction of the intermediate-target polymer. In the present disclosure, no initiator prepared with a base catalyst is used, and thus the loss of material and the discharge of residue and waste water are reduced. The DMC concentration is kept constant in the target polymer during the production such that the dewatering time and induction time are greatly reduced.

The present invention relates to a process of synthesis of certain ionic liquids di-polymerized based Radziszewsky type reaction, whereby primary amines containing at least one terminal functional group, for example OH, aldehydes and a mineral or organic acid, react exothermically in a single step, thus resulting in an ionic liquid by condensation, then oxirane derivative molar quantities are added, by controlling the temperature and pressure a di-polymerized ionic liquid is obtained. The process of the present invention is advantageous because it provides a synthesis scheme for di-polymerized ionic liquids, primarily using short reaction times and high performance; this process can be further scaled for industrial production and it can accept alternative chemical precursors of lower cost. An example of the general synthesis scheme of ionic liquids-propoxylated di (LI's) imidazolium follows: ##STR00001## Whereby an efficiency greater than 96% of propoxylated ionic liquid is obtained, the product characterized by spectroscopic data.

Provided herein are compounds and related composition and methods that may be used to raise an antibody response to nicotinic compounds, in some embodiments.

Disclosed are surfactants, as well as methods of using thereof in oil and gas operations.

The present invention discloses a Y-type discrete polyethylene glycol derivative and a preparation method thereof, which has the advantages of determined molecular weights and the number of chain segments, and can avoid the defect of heterogeneity of a PEG derivative, meanwhile the preparation method has simple steps, mild conditions, without need for strictly anhydrous environment or performing protection and deprotection steps. In addition, the Y-type discrete polyethylene glycol derivative of the present invention may increase the water solubility of the discrete polyethylene glycol, and solve the problem of insufficient water solubility of the discrete polyethylene glycol-modified insoluble drug caused by an increase of the loading capacity.

A method for producing a narrowly distributed and high-purity polyalkylene glycol derivative having an amino group at an end, a polymerization initiator for use in the method, and a precursor of the polymerization initiator are provided.

The present invention provides: a method for producing a polyalkylene glycol derivative having an amino group at an end, using, as a polymerization initiator, a compound represented by the general formula (I); a compound represented by the following general formula (I); and a precursor thereof:

##STR00001## wherein R.sub.A.sup.1a and R.sub.A.sup.1b each independently represent a protective group of the amino group, or one of R.sub.A.sup.1a and R.sub.A.sup.1b represents H and the other represents a protective group of the amino group, or R.sub.A.sup.1a and R.sub.A.sup.1b bind to each other to represent a cyclic protective group forming a ring; R.sub.A.sup.2 represents a linear, branched, or cyclic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; R.sub.A.sup.3 represents a single bond, or a linear, branched, or cyclic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and the hydrocarbon group may contain a heteroatom; the total number of carbon atoms (or the total number of carbon atoms and heteroatoms) of R.sub.A.sup.2 and R.sub.A.sup.3 is 4 or more; and M represents an alkali metal.