A regulation method for preparing γ-polyglutamic acid by sludge substrate fermentation includes: 1) extraction of glutamic acid from sludge protein (high pressure hydrothermal treatment, gravity pressure filtration treatment), 2) secondary metabolic synthesis of γ-polyglutamic acid (activation of domesticated strains and secondary metabolic fermentation strains); and 3) preparation of pure γ-polyglutamic acid (acidification, centrifugation, filtration, precipitation based on polar repulsion, purification, impurity removal and drying). The present invention realizes a recycling of high-value carbon and nitrogen sources of sludge without secondary pollution, and has advantages of simplified operation, good feasibility, and low preparation cost. The synthesized γ-polyglutamic acid has high economic value and broad application prospect.

The present invention relates to a “one-pot” method for preparing an aqueous solution of nanoparticles with amphiphilic block copolymers and comprising polypeptide units, the method comprising at least one step (E1), in an aqueous solvent, consisting of bringing together: —at least one hydrophilic polymer (P1) comprising at least one amine function, and —at least one hydrophobic α-amino acid N-carboxyanhydride monomer.

The present invention relates to a “one-pot” method for preparing an aqueous solution of nanoparticles with amphiphilic block copolymers and comprising polypeptide units, the method comprising at least one step (E1), in an aqueous solvent, consisting of bringing together: —at least one hydrophilic polymer (P1) comprising at least one amine function, and —at least one hydrophobic α-amino acid N-carboxyanhydride monomer.

The present disclosure provides a means for preventing or suppressing the leaching of a redox mediator constituting a reagent layer in a probe of an embedded biosensor, in particular, a means capable of improving preservation stability (durability) while maintaining glucose measurement sensitivity. The high molecular weight redox polymer according to the present disclosure is represented by general formula (A1), wherein X.sup.− represents an anionic species; L represents a linker; Poly represents a high molecular weight polymer; and R.sup.1 to R.sup.8 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a substituent. The biosensor according to the present disclosure has a working electrode, a counter electrode, a reagent layer disposed on the working electrode, and a protective film covering at least the reagent layer, and the reagent layer contains an oxidoreductase that oxidizes or dehydrogenates the analyte and at least one high molecular weight redox polymer represented by general formula (A1).

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Provided is a polymer comprising a hydrolysable polymer backbone, the polymer backbone comprising (i) monomer units comprising a hydrophobic side chain; and (ii) monomer units comprising a cationic side chain; wherein the cationic side chain comprises a polyamine with at least one tertiary amine and only a single nucleophilic center, optionally at the terminus of the polyamine, as well as a method of preparing said polymer, and a method of delivering a nucleic acid and/or polypeptide to a cell using the polymer.

Provided is a polymer comprising a hydrolysable polymer backbone, the polymer backbone comprising (i) monomer units comprising a hydrophobic side chain; and (ii) monomer units comprising a cationic side chain; wherein the cationic side chain comprises a polyamine with at least one tertiary amine and only a single nucleophilic center, optionally at the terminus of the polyamine, as well as a method of preparing said polymer, and a method of delivering a nucleic acid and/or polypeptide to a cell using the polymer.

The present invention discloses novel calibrants containing between 1 and 5 iodine atoms and methods of making them using linear polymers, hyperbranched polymers, and biological polymers (including but not limited to proteins and peptides.) Methods of using the calibrants are also disclosed, such as mass spectrometry. The novel calibrants disclosed herein have a more cost- and time-efficient synthesis than other calibrants.

The present disclosure discloses an amino acid helical array film and a preparation method thereof. The amino acid helical array film comprises a substrate and an amino acid helical array uniformly deposited on the substrate. Each amino acid helix is obtained by self-assembling an amino acid with a modifying group. The amino acid is selected from one or more of twenty common natural amino acids or adjacent isomers thereof. The modifying group comprises an N-terminal protecting group and a C-terminal protecting group, wherein the N-terminal protecting group is selected from one or more of carbobenzoxy, a lipid group, t-butoxycarbonyl, and 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl, and the C-terminal protecting group is selected from one or more of nitrophenyl ester, a lipoxy group, and an acylamino group.

The invention relates to a peptide combination characterized by peptides each having the same sequence length (SEQL), that can be produced from a mixture (A) comprising a number x of amino acids having a protected acid group or a number z of peptides having an acid group protected by means of a protecting group and an activated amino group, wherein the amino acids are present in the mixture (A) in particular adjustable molar ratios, and a mixture (B) comprising a number y of amino acids having an amino group protected by means of a protecting group, wherein the amino acid molar ratios of the mixture (B) are equal to the amino acid molar ratios of the mixture (A), and wherein the number x=y.

The invention relates to a peptide combination characterized by peptides each having the same sequence length (SEQL), that can be produced from a mixture (A) comprising a number x of amino acids having a protected acid group or a number z of peptides having an acid group protected by means of a protecting group and an activated amino group, wherein the amino acids are present in the mixture (A) in particular adjustable molar ratios, and a mixture (B) comprising a number y of amino acids having an amino group protected by means of a protecting group, wherein the amino acid molar ratios of the mixture (B) are equal to the amino acid molar ratios of the mixture (A), and wherein the number x=y.