Disclosed herein is a graft block copolymer comprising a first block polymer; the first block polymer comprising a backbone polymer and a first graft polymer; where the first graft polymer comprises a surface energy reducing moiety that comprises a halocarbon moiety, a silicon containing moiety, or a combination of a halocarbon moiety and a silicon containing moiety; a second block polymer; the second block polymer being covalently bonded to the first block; wherein the second block comprises the backbone polymer and a second graft polymer; where the second graft polymer comprises a functional group that is operative to undergo acid-catalyzed deprotection causing a change of solubility of the graft block copolymer in a developer solvent.

In an aspect, a method of synthesizing a graft copolymer comprises the steps of: copolymerizing a first macromonomer and a first reactive diluent; wherein said first macromonomer comprises a first backbone precursor directly or indirectly covalently linked to a first polymer side chain group; wherein said reactive diluent is provided in the presence of the first macromonomer at an amount selected so as to result in formation said graft copolymer having a first backbone incorporating said diluent and said first macromonomer in a first polymer block characterized by a preselected first graft density or a preselected first graft distribution of said first macromonomer. In some embodiments of this aspect, said preselected first graft density is any value selected from the range of 0.05 to 0.75. In some methods, the composition and amount of said diluent is selected to provide both a first preselected first graft density and a first preselected first graft distribution.

A carbazole-based graft copolymer capable of controlling a self-assembled structure and a method of synthesizing the same are provided. Specifically, the copolymer is capable of controlling a self-assembled structure which can control the morphology of a polymer structure and the size of pores by controlling the molecular weights of polylactic acid (PLA) functioning as a coil and of a carbazole copolymer to prepare a poly(carbazole)-coil graft copolymer of Formula 1 below and the method of synthesizing the same is provided. In Formula 1, X represents 0.05 to 0.1, m represents an integer of 7 to 8, and n represents an integer of 56 to 84. ##STR00001##

A carbazole-based graft copolymer capable of controlling a self-assembled structure and a method of synthesizing the same are provided. Specifically, the copolymer is capable of controlling a self-assembled structure which can control the morphology of a polymer structure and the size of pores by controlling the molecular weights of polylactic acid (PLA) functioning as a coil and of a carbazole copolymer to prepare a poly(carbazole)-coil graft copolymer of Formula 1 below and the method of synthesizing the same is provided. In Formula 1, X represents 0.05 to 0.1, m represents an integer of 7 to 8, and n represents an integer of 56 to 84.

##STR00001##

Provided herein are compositions and methods of making high density nucleic acid polymers.

A method for inhibiting silica scale formation which treats aqueous systems with a polymerizable-acid graft copolymer that includes an unsaturated grafting acid and having a percent acid graft of between about 3 wt. % and about 35 wt. %, as well as an alkylene oxide polymer backbone.

A graft copolymer comprising polyolefin and engineering thermoplastic components, wherein the thermoplastic component is a polymer comprising heteroatoms or heteroatom containing moieties in its backbone and phenyl or substituted phenyl groups, the polyolefin component covalently bound to the engineering thermoplastic component. The graft copolymer is the reaction product of an engineering thermoplastic having at least one phenylene in the polymer backbone, and a vinyl/vinylidene terminated polyolefin having a weight average molecular weight of at least 300 g/mole, wherein the vinyl/vinylidene terminated polyolefin is selected from polyethylenes, polypropylenes, ethylene-propylene copolymers, polyisobutylenes, polydienes, propylene-based elastomers, ethylene-based plastomers, and combinations thereof.

The present invention pertains to a process for the manufacture of a grafted fluoropolymer [polymer (Fg)], said process comprising reacting: A) at least one fluoropolymer comprising at least one functional group selected from the group consisting of a hydroxyl group and a carboxylic acid group [polymer (F)], B) at least one polyoxyalkylene (POA) of formula (I): R.sub.B(CH.sub.2O).sub.x(CH.sub.2CHR.sub.AO).sub.n(CH.sub.2O).sub.xR.sub.C, wherein at least one of R.sub.B and R.sub.C is a reactive group comprising at least one heteroatom selected from oxygen and nitrogen different from the hydroxyl group, the remaining, if any, being a [O].sub.zCH.sub.3 alkyl group, wherein z is 0 or 1, R.sub.A is a hydrogen atom or a C.sub.1-C.sub.5 alkyl group, x and x, equal to or different from each other, are independently 0 or 1, and n is an integer comprised between 2 and 1000, preferably between 5 and 200, C) optionally, in the presence of at least one catalyst, and D) optionally, in the presence of at least one organic solvent (S). The present invention also pertains to grafted fluoropolymers obtained from said process and to uses of said grafted fluoropolymers for manufacturing porous membranes.

An amphiphilic block copolymer comprises a poly(phenylene ether) block or a poly(phenylene ether) copolymer block and a hydrophilic block or graft. A method of making the amphiphilic block copolymer comprises polymerization of a hydrophilic ethylenically unsaturated monomer in the presence of poly(phenylene ether) or a poly(phenylene ether) copolymer to make the amphiphilic block copolymer. A porous asymmetric membrane comprises a poly(phenylene ether) or poly(phenylene ether) copolymer, and the amphiphilic block copolymer comprising a poly(phenylene ether) block or a poly(phenylene ether) copolymer block, and a hydrophilic block or graft. The porous asymmetric membrane is made by phase-inversion of a dope solution of the poly(phenylene ether) or poly(phenylene ether) copolymer and the amphiphilic block copolymer in a coagulation bath.

The present invention relates to a new class of cationic linear polyphosphazenes bearing as side groups a hydrophilic poly(ethylene glycol) and a spacer group selected from the group consisting of lysine, oligopeptides containing lysine, amino-ethanol, amino-propanol, amino-butanol, amino-pentanol and amino-hexanol, and the polyphosphazene-drug conjugates comprising hydrophobic anticancer drugs by covalent bonding and the preparation methods thereof. The present polyphosphazene-drug conjugates exhibit outstanding tumor selectivity and low toxicity.