A method i for forming an epoxidized polymer is provided. The method may include mixing an epoxidized plant oil with a synthetic epoxy resin and crosslinking the epoxidized plant oil and the synthetic epoxy resin using a curing agent. The epoxidized plant oil may be formed via: converting plant oil triglycerides to fatty amide alcohols via aminolysis using primary or secondary amines, converting the fatty amide alcohols to epoxidized fatty amide alcohols, and reacting the epoxidized fatty amide alcohols with vinyl monomers to obtain epoxidized plant oil monomers.

An organic solar cell is provided. The organic solar cell includes a photoactive layer in which a low molecular weight conjugated compound as a first organic semiconductor material is mixed with an appropriate amount of a second organic semiconductor material. The first organic semiconductor material includes both electron donors and electron acceptors. The presence of the electron donors and the electron acceptors in the first organic semiconductor material improves the morphology of the photoactive layer, leading to high efficiency of the organic solar cell.

The present invention relates to a one-step process for preparation of “in-situ” or “ex-situ” self-organized and electrically conducting polymer nanocomposites using thermally initiated polymerization of a halogenated 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene monomer or its derivatives. This approach does not require additional polymerization initiators or catalysts, produce gaseous products that are naturally removed without affecting the polymer matrix, and do not leave by-product contaminants. It is demonstrated that self-polymerization of halogenated 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene monomer is not affected by the presence of a solid-state phase in the form of nanoparticles and results in formation of 3,4-polyethylenedioxythiophene (PEDOT) nanocomposites.

A problem to be solved of the invention is to provide a package of a liquid composition for an organic electroluminescent device including a phosphorescent material and a solvent with extended storage lifetime, which may be produced with high working efficiency. A solving means of the problem is a package of a liquid composition for an organic electroluminescent device having a liquid composition for an organic electroluminescent device including a phosphorescent material and a solvent, and a container that contains the liquid composition for an organic electroluminescent device, wherein the package of a liquid composition for an organic electroluminescent device has a transmittance of light, that is a wavelength component of from 500 nm to 780 nm, from outside of the package to inside of the container of 15% or less.

The present invention provides: a p-type organic semiconductor material which is able to be produced easily, while having high planarity in a polymer skeleton; and a photoelectric conversion layer, a photoelectric conversion element and an organic thin film solar cell, each of which uses this p-type organic semiconductor material and has high photoelectric conversion efficiency. The present invention specifically provides: a picene derivative which has at least one constituent unit represented by general formula (1); and a photoelectric conversion element which contains (A) the picene derivative serving as a p-type organic semiconductor material and (B) an n-type organic semiconductor material. The details of general formula (1) are as set forth in the description.

There is a conjugated polymer having a derivative of indacen-4-one having general formula (I): ##STR00001## wherein: R.sub.1 and R.sub.2, same or different, are selected from C.sub.1-C.sub.30 alkyl groups, linear or branched; optionally substituted cycloalkyl groups; optionally substituted aryl groups; optionally substituted heteroaryl groups; C.sub.1-C.sub.30 alkoxyl groups, linear or branched; R.sub.4—O—[CH.sub.2—CH.sub.2—O].sub.m— polyoxyethylene groups, wherein R.sub.4 is selected from C.sub.1-C.sub.30 alkyl groups, linear or branched, and m is an integer ranging from 1 to 4; —R.sub.5—OR.sub.6 groups, wherein R.sub.5 is selected from C.sub.1-C.sub.30 alkylene groups, linear or branched, and R.sub.6 represents a hydrogen atom or is selected from C.sub.1-C.sub.30 alkyl groups, linear or branched, or is selected from R.sub.4—[—OCH.sub.2—CH.sub.2—].sub.p— polyoxyethylene groups, wherein R.sub.4 has the same meanings as reported above and p is an integer ranging from 1 to 4; —COR.sub.7 groups, wherein R.sub.7 is selected from C.sub.1-C.sub.30 alkyl groups, linear or branched; —COOR.sub.8 groups, wherein R.sub.8 is selected from C.sub.1-C.sub.30 alkyl groups, linear or branched; or they represent a —CHO group or a cyano (—CN) group; R.sub.3 is selected from C.sub.1-C.sub.30 alkyl groups, linear or branched; optionally substituted cycloalkyl groups; optionally substituted aryl groups; and C.sub.1-C.sub.30 alkoxyl groups, linear or branched; n is an integer ranging from 10 to 500. There is also a photovoltaic device (or solar device) having a support having the conjugated polymer having a derivative of indacen-4-one.

The present invention relates to new semiconducting compounds having at least one optionally substituted azino[1,2,3]thiadiazole moiety. The compounds disclosed herein can exhibit high carrier mobility and/or efficient light absorption/emission characteristics, and can possess certain processing advantages such as solution-processability and/or good stability at ambient conditions.

A polycyclic aromatic compound represented by Formula (1) is provided by the invention:

##STR00001##

wherein A.sup.11 ring, A.sup.21 ring, A.sup.31 ring, B.sup.11 ring, B.sup.21 ring, C.sup.11 ring, and C.sup.31 ring are an aryl or heteroaryl ring which may be substituted, Y.sup.11, Y.sup.21, Y.sup.31 are B or the like, X.sup.11, X.sup.12, X.sup.21, X.sup.22, X.sup.31, X.sup.32 are >O or >N—R, R in the above >N—R is an and which may be substituted or the like, R in the above >N—R or the like may be bonded to A.sup.11 ring, A.sup.21 ring, A.sup.31 ring, B.sup.11 ring, B.sup.21 ring, C.sup.11 ring, and/or C.sup.31 ring by a linking group or a single bond; and at least one hydrogen in the compound represented by Formula (1) may be replaced with deuterium, cyano, or a halogen.

Provided is a process for preparing a composition comprising semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes, a semiconducting polymer and solvent A (composition A), which process comprises the step of separating composition A from a composition comprising semiconducting and metallic single-walled carbon nanotubes, the semiconducting polymer and solvent B (composition B), wherein the semiconducting polymer has a band gap in the range of 0.5 to 1.8 eV and solvent A and B comprise an aromatic or a heteroaromatic solvent, composition A itself, a process for forming an electronic device, which process comprises the step of forming a layer by applying composition A to a precursor of the electronic device, as well as the electronic device obtainable by this process.

The invention provides compositions comprising crosslinkable BCB-functionalized materials for use in OLEDs applications. The inventive compositions can be used to form hole-transporting materials for use in electroluminescent devices. In particular, the invention provides a composition comprising at least one compound selected from Structure A, as described herein.

##STR00001##