A method is directed to synthesis of poly(triphenylacrylonitrite)s (PTPANs) comprising polycoupling dibromoarenes, internal diynes, and potassium ferrocyanide, resulting in polycoupled dibromoarenes, internal diynes, and potassium ferrocyanide; and producing poly(triphenylacrylonitrite)s (PTPANs) by catalysis of the polycoupled dibromoarenes, internal diynes, and potassium ferrocyanide with palladium acetate and sodium bicarbonate, wherein the catalysis is allowed to proceed in dimethylacetamide under nitrogen at a prescribed temperature for a prescribed time. Further, poly(triphenylacrylonitrite)s (PTPANs) is a polymer and comprises a backbone structure of ##STR00001##
wherein x and y are integers;
wherein each R is independently selected from the group consisting of ##STR00002##
and
wherein each R is independently selected from the group consisting of ##STR00003##

Squaric acid-based polymers and their use in electrode materials and/or electrolyte compositions, as well as their production processes are described herein. Also described are electrode materials, electrodes, electrolyte compositions, electrochemical cells, electrochemical accumulators, and optoelectronic devices comprising the polymers and their uses.

Gas sensors are provided. The gas sensors comprise: a substrate; a plurality of electrodes on the substrate; and a polymeric sensing layer on the substrate for adsorbing a gas-phase analyte. The adsorption of the analyte is effective to change a property of the gas sensor that results in a change in an output signal from the gas sensor. The polymeric sensing layer comprises a polymer chosen from substituted or unsubstituted polyarylenes comprising the reaction product of monomers comprising a first monomer comprising an aromatic acetylene group and a second monomer comprising two or more cyclopentadienone groups, or a cured product of the reaction product. The gas sensors and methods of using such sensors find particular applicability in the sensing of gas-phase organic analytes.

This hole collection layer composition for an organic photoelectric conversion elements comprises: a charge-transporting substance formed of a polyaniline derivative represented by formula (1); fluorochemical surfactant; metal oxide nanoparticles; and a solvent. The hole collection layer composition provides a thin film having excellent adhesiveness to an active layer of an organic photoelectric conversion element.

##STR00001##

{R.sup.1-R.sup.6 are each independently a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a nitro group, a cyano group, a sulfonic acid group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkoxy group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 thioalkoxy group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group, etc. Meanwhile, one of R.sup.1-R.sup.4 is a sulfonic acid group and at least one of the remaining R.sup.1-R.sup.4 is a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkoxy group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 thioalkoxy group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group, etc., and m and n are numbers that satisfy 0m1, 0n1, and m+n=1.}

A composition for forming an organic layer in an organic light-emitting device includes a high-molecular-weight compound represented by Formula 1, having a molecular weight of about 50,000 or more; a non-arylamine-based low-molecular-weight compound represented by Formula 2, having a molecular weight of about 10,000 or less; and a solvent:

##STR00001##

wherein in Formula 2, Y is a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.3-C.sub.60 carbocyclic group that does not include a moiety represented by

##STR00002##

When the composition is deposited and dried to form the organic layer, the organic layer is solvent resistant.

The present disclosure relates to synthesis of porous polymer networks and applications of such materials. The present disclosure relates to a method of fabricating of a porous polymer network comprising: (a) providing: (i) a first reactant comprising a plurality of compounds comprising at least one acetyl group, said plurality of compounds comprising at least one compound type, and (ii) a second reactant comprising an alkylsulfonic acid, and (b) creating a solution of said reactants, (c) casting said solution in a form, and (d) treating said solution under such conditions so as to produce a porous polymer network. In one embodiment, the invention relates to a porous polymer network which has a basic structure selected from the group consisting of

##STR00001##

A material comprising an electron-accepting unit of formula (I): Ar is an aromatic ring; Ar.sup.1 is a substituted or unsubstituted 5- or 6-membered heteroaromatic ring containing N and C ring atoms; when Ar.sup.1 is a substituted or unsubstituted 6-membered heteroaromatic ring, Ar.sup.2 is a substituted or unsubstituted 6-membered heteroaromatic ring wherein the ring atoms are selected from N and C; when Ar.sup.1 is a 5-membered heteroaromatic ring, Ar.sup.2 is a substituted or unsubstituted 5- or 6-membered heteroaromatic ring; Ar.sup.3 is a 5-membered ring or a substituted or unsubstituted 6-membered ring; Ar.sup.4 is a 5-membered ring or a substituted or unsubstituted 6-membered ring or is absent; Ar.sup.5 is a substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic or polycyclic group containing at least one aromatic or heteroaromatic ring; Ar.sup.6 is a substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic or polycyclic group containing at least one aromatic or heteroaromatic ring or is absent; and each X is independently a substituent bound to a C atom of Ar.sup.3, and where present Ar.sup.4, with the proviso that at least one X is an electron withdrawing group; and wherein the material further comprises an electron-donating unit.

##STR00001##

The present invention provides a fluorine-containing liquid crystal polymer of Formula (1). The present invention also discloses a fluorine-containing liquid crystal elastomer, which comprises a copolymer of a fluorine-containing liquid crystal polymer of Formula (1) with a near-infrared dye of Formula (2). The fluorine-containing liquid crystal elastomer of the present invention shrinks due to the photothermal conversion effect of the material under the irradiation of near-infrared light, and thus is widely applicable to the field of actuators. The fluorine-containing liquid crystal polymer of the present invention introduces fluorine-containing segments into the cross-linked network of the liquid crystal polymer, to improve the mechanical performance of the material, and greatly extend the service time of light-controlled actuators.

Gas sensors are provided. The gas sensors comprise: a substrate; a plurality of electrodes on the substrate; and a polymeric sensing layer on the substrate for adsorbing a gas-phase analyte. The adsorption of the analyte is effective to change a property of the gas sensor that results in a change in an output signal from the gas sensor. The polymeric sensing layer comprises a polymer chosen from substituted or unsubstituted polyarylenes comprising the reaction product of monomers comprising a first monomer comprising an aromatic acetylene group and a second monomer comprising two or more cyclopentadienone groups, or a cured product of the reaction product. The gas sensors and methods of using such sensors find particular applicability in the sensing of gas-phase organic analytes.

A method is directed to synthesis of poly(triphenylacrylonitrite)s (PTPANs) comprising polycoupling dibromoarenes, internal diynes, and potassium ferrocyanide, resulting in polycoupled dibromoarenes, internal diynes, and potassium ferrocyanide; and producing poly(triphenylacrylonitrite)s (PTPANs) by catalysis of the polycoupled dibromoarenes, internal diynes, and potassium ferrocyanide with palladium acetate and sodium bicarbonate, wherein the catalysis is allowed to proceed in dimethylacetamide under nitrogen at a prescribed temperature for a prescribed time. Further, poly(triphenylacrylonitrite)s (PTPANs) is a polymer and comprises a backbone structure of

##STR00001##

wherein x and y are integers;
wherein each R is independently selected from the group consisting of

##STR00002##

and
wherein each R is independently selected from the group consisting of

##STR00003##