A material comprising a group of formula (I): (I) wherein: X and Y are each independently selected from S, O or Se; Ar1, Ar2, Ar3 and Ar4 are each independently an unsubstituted or a substituted benzene, an unsubstituted or a substituted 5- or 6-membered heteroaromatic group or are absent; A.sup.1 and A.sup.2 are each independently an unsubstituted or a substituted benzene, an unsubstituted or a substituted 5- or 6-membered heteroaromatic group, a non-aromatic 6-membered ring having ring atoms selected from C, N, S and O or are absent; R.sup.1 is H or a substituent; R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are each independently H or a substituent; and * represents a point of attachment to a hydrogen or non-hydrogen substituent.

##STR00001##

There is a polymeric photovoltaic cell (or solar cell) with inverted structure having an anode; an anodic buffer layer; an active layer having at least one photoactive organic polymer as electron-donor and at least one electron-accepting organic compound; a cathodic buffer layer; and a cathode. The at least one photoactive organic polymer is selected from conjugated polymers comprising an anthraditiophenic derivative having a general formula (I):

##STR00001##

The polymeric photovoltaic cell (or solar cell) with inverted structure shows good values of power conversion efficiency (PCE) (η) and can be advantageously used in the construction of photovoltaic modules (or solar modules), either on a rigid support or on a flexible support.

The present invention provides black particles that have high electrical insulation and that can achieve high blackness in the visible light region, as well as a black coating material, a coating film, and a black matrix for a color filter each containing the black particles. Provided are black particles containing a copolymer including a structural unit derived from a pyrrole compound and a structural unit derived from a quinone compound, the black particles having an aqueous dispersion number average particle size of 100 nm or less and a zeta potential of −5 mV or less.

Disclosed herein are ladder polymers comprising fused aromatic and non-aromatic rings. Also disclosed are the manufacture and use of these ladder polymers, e.g., in separation membranes, such as membrane for gas separation.

The present disclosure relates to synthesis of porous polymer networks and applications of such materials. The present disclosure relates to a method of fabricating of a porous polymer network comprising: (a) providing: (i) a first reactant comprising a plurality of compounds comprising at least one acetyl group, said plurality of compounds comprising at least one compound type, and (ii) a second reactant comprising an alkylsulfonic acid, and (b) creating a solution of said reactants, (c) casting said solution in a form, and (d) treating said solution under such conditions so as to produce a porous polymer network. In one embodiment, the invention relates to a porous polymer network which has a basic structure selected from the group consisting of ##STR00001##

A method for forming an electrochromic polymer block includes: forming each of reaction units by reacting two or more electron-donor groups, wherein each of the reaction units includes (i) a first backbone formed by the two or more electron-donor groups and (ii) at least one reactive functional group connected to each end of the first backbone; and forming the electrochromic polymer block by reacting at least two of the reaction units with acid-catalyzed cationic polymerization, wherein the electrochromic polymer block includes a second backbone formed by two or more of the first backbones.

Disclosed are an organic thin film including a semiconducting polymer including a ligand that is metal-coordination bondable or is metal-coordination bonded and an elastomer including a ligand that is metal-coordination bondable or is metal-coordination bonded, wherein the semiconducting polymer and the elastomer are configured to be dynamic intermolecular bonded by a metal-coordination bond, an organic sensor, and an electronic device.

The present invention relates to a novel polymer and an organic electronic device using same. In the polymer according to the present invention, a cyclic electron-donor, including thiophene, selenophene, or a combination thereof, is introduced into a central skeleton having an A-D-A structure including an electron-donor and electron-acceptor unit. Thus, the polymer has not only excellent chemical and thermal stability, but also good crystallinity. Moreover, intermolecular stacking is possible, and thus charge mobility can be maximized.

A light-emitting composition comprising: a light-emitting group and a polymer comprising: a repeat unit of formula Ar.sup.1 wherein Ar.sup.1 is an arylene repeat unit which is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents; and a repeat unit of formula (I): (I) wherein Ar.sup.2 and Ar.sup.3 each independently represent a C.sub.6-20 arylene group or a 5-20 membered heteroarylene group which is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents and CB represents a conjugation-breaking group which does not provide a conjugation path between Ar.sup.2 and Ar.sup.3; wherein the polymer has a solubility in water or a C.sub.1-8 alcohol at 20° C. of at least 0.1 mg/ml. The composition may be a light-emitting polymer in which the polymer contains the light-emitting group. The light-emitting composition may be part of a particle containing the polymer and a matrix material, e.g. silica. The light-emitting composition may be used in an assay for detection of a target analyte.

The present disclosure provides a non-fullerene acceptor polymer, which includes a structure represented by formula (I). Formula (I) is defined as in the specification. The non-fullerene acceptor polymer has an electron donating unit and an electron attracting end group. The non-fullerene acceptor polymer uses phenyl or its derivatives as the linker to form the polymer.