Methods and compositions are provided that include a multichromophore and/or multichromophore complex for identifying a target biomolecule. A sensor biomolecule, for example, an antibody can be covalently linked to the multichromophore. Additionally, a signaling chromophore can be covalently linked to the multichromophore. The arrangement is such that the signaling chromophore is capable of receiving energy from the multichromophore upon excitation of the multichromophore. Since the sensor biomolecule is capable of interacting with the target biomolecule, the multichromophore and/or multichromophore complex can provide enhanced detection signals for a target biomolecule.

Provided herein are spirocyclic polymers that exhibit aggregation-enhanced emission properties and methods of preparation thereof. The spirocyclic polymers can be used in the construction of integrated silicon photonics and to prepare two-dimensional fluorescent photopatterns useful for the manufacture of biological sensing and probing systems, optical writing and reading, anti-counterfeiting applications and the construction of optical display devices.

Compositions of, methods of making, and methods of using hybrid nanoparticles comprise at least one semiconducting polymer and at least one nonsemiconducting polymer. Compositions of, methods of making and methods of using hybrid nanoparticles comprise at least one semiconducting polymer and non-semiconducting polymers wherein the non-semiconducting polymer comprises more than one non-semiconducting polymer such that at least one non-semiconducting polymer is functionalized for bioconjugation. The hybrid nanoparticles are polarization-sensitive and have low mass ratios with large fluorescence.

A high molecular weight compound according to the present invention includes a substituted triarylamine structural unit represented by the following general formula (1),

##STR00001## where AR.sup.1, AR.sup.2, and L each independently represent a divalent aromatic hydrocarbon group or a divalent aromatic heterocyclic group, n is an integer of 1 to 3, Ar.sub.1 and Ar.sub.2 each independently represent an aryl group or a heteroaryl group, and R.sub.1, R.sub.2, and R.sub.3 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a heavy hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a cyano group, a nitro group, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an alkyloxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group having 5 to 10 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyloxy group having 5 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms, an aryl group, an aryloxy group, or a heteroaryl group.

Provided is a mechanochromic resin by which a stress applied to a material can be visualized in real time, and a mechanochromic luminescent material that is used in the synthesis of the mechanochromic resin. Stress can be visualized in real time by means of a mechanochromic luminescent material represented by formula (1) or formula (2) and a mechanochromic resin obtained by crosslinking the mechanochromic luminescent material. [Chemical formula 1] (In the formula, Y.sub.1 and Y.sub.2 each denote a substituent group that inhibits aggregation of the mechanochromic luminescent material represented by formula (1), and Y.sub.1 and Y.sub.2 may be same as or different from each other. Z.sub.1 and Z.sub.2 each denote a polymerizable group, and may be same as or different from each other.) [Chemical formula 2] (In the formula, Y.sub.1 and Y.sub.2 each denote a substituent group that inhibits aggregation of the mechanochromic luminescent material represented by formula (2), and Y.sub.1 and Y.sub.2 may be same as or different from each other. Z.sub.1 and Z.sub.2 each denote a polymerizable group, and may be same as or different from each other). ##STR00001##

The invention provides novel synthetic methods for oligonucleotide polymerization reactions that separate the deprotection and cleavage step following solid-phase oligonucleotide synthesis into two separate steps, thereby providing fully protected hydrophobic oligonucleotides that can be further manipulated in organic solvents. The disclosed methods enable the synthesis of new structures, such as brush DNA and brush RNA polymers and micellar spherical nucleic acids (SNAs

The present invention is directed to a versatile and high performance zwitterionic CP platform, which integrates all desired functions into one material. This zwitterionic CP consists of the conducting backbone and multifunctional zwitterionic side chains. Non-conducting zwitterionic materials gain electronic conductivity through the conducting backbone and CPs obtain excellent biocompatibility, sensitivity to environmental stimuli and controllable antifouling properties via multifunctional zwitterionic side chains. Unique properties from two distinct materials (conducting materials and zwitterionic materials) are integrated into one material without sacrificing any properties. This platform can potentially be adapted for a range of applications (e.g. bioelectronics, tissue engineering, wound healing, robotic prostheses, biofuel cell, etc.), which all require high performance conducting materials with excellent antifouling/biocompatibility at complex biointerfaces. This conducting material platform will significantly advance the development of conducting polymers in the field of biomedicine and biotechnology.

Water solvated polymeric dyes having a deep ultraviolet excitation spectrum are provided. The subject polymeric dyes include a light harvesting multichromophore having conjugation-modifying repeat units incorporated into the polymer backbone to provide segments of ?-conjugated co-monomers having limited ?-conjugation between segments. Polymeric tandem dyes are also provided that further include a signaling chromophore covalently linked to the multichromophore in energy-receiving proximity therewith. Also provided are labelled specific binding members that include the subject water solvated polymeric dyes. Methods of evaluating a sample for the presence of a target analyte and methods of labelling a target molecule in which the subject polymeric dyes find use are also provided. Systems and kits for practicing the subject methods are also provided.

The invention provides for polyfluoreno[4,5-cde]oxepine conjugates and their use in methods of analyte detection.

The present invention provides water soluble photoactive macromolecular complexes and methods for detecting an analyte in a sample by using a binding agent conjugated to a water soluble photoactive macromolecule.