A composition comprising at least one first divalent unit represented by formula: ##STR00001##
and at least one of a second divalent unit comprising a pendant Z group or a monovalent unit comprising a thioether linkage and a terminal Z group, wherein each Z group is independently selected from the group consisting of P(O)(OY).sub.2 and OP(O)(OY).sub.2. R and R are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and alkyl having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms. Y is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, trialkylsilyl, and a counter cation. Methods of treating a surface using these compositions and articles with a surface in contact with these compositions are provided. Methods of making these compositions are also provided.

An underfill material enabling voidless packaging and excellent solder bonding properties, and a method for manufacturing a semiconductor device using the same are provided. An underfill material, including an epoxy resin, an acid anhydride, an acrylic resin, and an organic peroxide, the minimum melt viscosity being between 1000 Pa*s and 2000 Pa*s, and gradient of melt viscosity between 10 C. higher than the minimum melt viscosity attainment temperature and a temperature 10 C. higher being between 900 Pa*s/ C. and 3100 Pa*s/ C., is applied to a semiconductor chip having a solder-tipped electrode formed thereon, and the semiconductor chip is mounted onto a circuit substrate having a counter electrode opposing the solder-tipped electrode, and the semiconductor chip and the circuit substrate are thermocompressed under bonding conditions of raising the temperature from a first temperature to a second temperature at a predetermined rate.

A thermoplastic copolymer that includes a first divalent unit having a pendent ultraviolet absorbing group and a second divalent unit that is fluorinated. A fluoropolymer composition including the thermoplastic copolymer is also disclosed.

Provided is a wavelength conversion material composed of resin particles comprising an acrylic resin and an organic rare earth complex contained in the acrylic resin, in which deterioration of the organic rare earth complex is prevented. A wavelength conversion material composed of resin particles comprising an acrylic resin and an organic rare earth complex contained in the acrylic resin, wherein the acrylic resin is a polymer which is a reaction product of an acrylic resin composition comprising a (meth)acrylate monomer, a crosslinking agent and an azo polymerization initiator, wherein the acrylic resin composition is substantially free of an organic peroxide having a group represented by RC(O)O where R represents a hydrocarbon group that may be optionally substituted, as a polymerization initiator, and the acrylic resin composition comprises an organic peroxide having a one-minute half-life temperature of 145 C. or less as another polymerization initiator.

A surface treatment liquid capable of making a surface of a treatment target hydrophilic or hydrophobic without including a resin having a coating film formation property, and a surface treatment method using the surface treatment liquid. The surface treatment liquid includes a resin, a solvent and a strong acid having a pKa of 1 or less. The resin includes a functional group I that is at least one of a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, and a carboxyl group, and a functional group II that is a hydrophilic group or a hydrophobic group other than the functional group I.

The present invention relates to a method for selective cell attachment/detachment, cell patternization and cell harvesting by means of near infrared rays. More particularly, conducting polymers or metal oxides having exothermic characteristics upon irradiation of near infrared light is used as a cell culture scaffold, thus selectively attaching/detaching cells without an enzyme treatment. The scaffold has an effect of promoting proliferation or differentiation of stem cells, and therefore, can be used as a stem cell culture scaffold. The scaffold enables cell attachment/detachment without temporal or spatial restrictions, thus enabling cell patternization.

A method for creating a functional coating on a substrate in vacuum from a deposited monomer material in absence of oxygen and/or radiation from a radiation source. The substrate may be preliminarily activated with inert gas to form an activated layer thereon. The method may include depositing a fluorine containing monomer having a first CF.sub.3:CF.sub.2 ratio, and forming, on the substrate, the self-assembled polymer coating that has a second CF.sub.3:CF.sub.2 ratio, where the first and second CF.sub.3:CF.sub.2 ratios are equal.

A film includes: a coating layer made of a fluorine-containing acrylic resin; and a base film, on which the coating layer is laminated. The fluorine-containing acrylic resin is obtained by copolymerizing 50 to 99 parts by weight of a monomer represented by a general formula (1) with 50 to 1 parts by weight of a methacrylate-based monomer, and a melt viscosity of the fluorine-containing acrylic resin is less than 300 Pa.Math.s under conditions of a die temperature of 220 C., a shear rate of 122 sec.sup.1, and a capillary die diameter of 1 mm based on JIS K7199.

##STR00001##

In the general formula (1), R.sub.1 is a direct bond or a straight-chain or branched-chain alkylene group containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and R.sub.2 is methyl.

An aspect of the present invention is to provide a fluorine-based polymer showing a significantly low dielectric constant of less than 1.8 and a fluorine-based polymer composition including the same. The fluorine-based polymer provided in an aspect of the present invention shows a very low dielectric constant, wherein the polymer is not only a pollution-reducing material generating no harmful substance, but may also be utilized as a coating material in various fields due to high adhesiveness. Furthermore, a polymer film employing the polymer as a material has a volume resistance of about 5.810.sup.15 Ohmcm, showing an excellent resistance value as an insulating material.

The invention concerns a method for producing a superhydrophobic membrane or surface coating of a substrate from an aqueous phase comprising the following steps: a) Preparing an aqueous dispersion by dispersing particles of hydrophobic polymer(s) in an aqueous solution of protic polymer(s), wherein the protic polymer(s) and the hydrophobic polymer(s) are present in a weight ratio of protic polymer(s):hydrophobic polymer(s) in a range of 5:95 to 22:78, b) electrospinning the dispersion of step a) onto a carrier for producing the membrane or onto the surface for producing the surface coating thereby producing at least one fiber and a nonwoven fabric from the fiber, c) subjecting the nonwoven fabric to a sol-gel process, wherein a precursor/precursors of the sol-gel comprise(s) an alkoxysilane, and d) curing the nonwoven fabric obtained by step c) at a temperature in a range of 50 C. to 150 C.