The preparation of pregelatinized starch and/or pregelatinized flour, including the steps of: providing an aqueous medium having a pH of −1.0 to 7.5; mixing starch and/or flour with the aqueous medium to form a starch composition having a pH of 2.0 to 7.9, wherein the starch composition has the aqueous medium as continuous phase and contains between 20 and 60 wt. %, expressed as percentage of dry matter on total weight of the starch composition, of particles of starch and/or flour; pregelatinizing the starch composition, wherein said composition is heated using a drum dryer, while rotating the drum, to form the pregelatinized starch and/or pregelatinized flour, wherein during the heating the starch composition is dried using the drum dryer; allowing the pregelatinized starch and/or pregelatinized flour to cool to a temperature of at most 80° C.; and storing the obtained pregelatinized starch and/or pregelatinized flour at a temperature of at most 60° C.

The preparation of pregelatinized starch and/or pregelatinized flour, including the steps of: providing an aqueous medium having a pH of −1.0 to 7.5; mixing starch and/or flour with the aqueous medium to form a starch composition having a pH of 2.0 to 7.9, wherein the starch composition has the aqueous medium as continuous phase and contains between 20 and 60 wt. %, expressed as percentage of dry matter on total weight of the starch composition, of particles of starch and/or flour; pregelatinizing the starch composition, wherein said composition is heated using a drum dryer, while rotating the drum, to form the pregelatinized starch and/or pregelatinized flour, wherein during the heating the starch composition is dried using the drum dryer; allowing the pregelatinized starch and/or pregelatinized flour to cool to a temperature of at most 80° C.; and storing the obtained pregelatinized starch and/or pregelatinized flour at a temperature of at most 60° C.

Provided are bismuth conversion coating compositions that deposit bismuth conversion coatings on a variety of metal substrates, methods of making bismuth conversion coating compositions, methods of depositing bismuth conversion coatings on metal substrates and articles of manufacture having metal surfaces comprising a bismuth conversion coating.

Provided are bismuth conversion coating compositions that deposit bismuth conversion coatings on a variety of metal substrates, methods of making bismuth conversion coating compositions, methods of depositing bismuth conversion coatings on metal substrates and articles of manufacture having metal surfaces comprising a bismuth conversion coating.

Embodiments of the present invention relate to methods for preparing high optical density solutions of nanoparticle, such as nanoplates, silver nanoplates or silver platelet nanoparticles, and to the solutions and substrates prepared by the methods. The process can include the addition of stabilizing agents (e.g., chemical or biological agents bound or otherwise linked to the nanoparticle surface) that stabilize the nanoparticle before, during, and/or after concentration, thereby allowing for the production of a stable, high optical density solution of silver nanoplates. The process can also include increasing the concentration of silver nanoplates within the solution, and thus increasing the solution optical density.

Embodiments of the present invention relate to methods for preparing high optical density solutions of nanoparticle, such as nanoplates, silver nanoplates or silver platelet nanoparticles, and to the solutions and substrates prepared by the methods. The process can include the addition of stabilizing agents (e.g., chemical or biological agents bound or otherwise linked to the nanoparticle surface) that stabilize the nanoparticle before, during, and/or after concentration, thereby allowing for the production of a stable, high optical density solution of silver nanoplates. The process can also include increasing the concentration of silver nanoplates within the solution, and thus increasing the solution optical density.

A flame retardant, flexible polyvinyl chloride mixture includes a trio of plasticizers and molybdate-based smoke suppressant for use in wire and cable articles.

A flame retardant, flexible polyvinyl chloride mixture includes a trio of plasticizers and molybdate-based smoke suppressant for use in wire and cable articles.

The present invention relates to a method of preparing an ASA graft copolymer, a method of preparing a thermoplastic resin composition including the ASA graft copolymer, and a method of manufacturing a molded article using the thermoplastic resin composition. More particularly, the present invention provides an ASA graft copolymer having improved thermal stability through addition of an emulsifier in a specific amount range in a seed preparation step and introduction of a multifunctional carboxylic acid having 20 or more carbon atoms or a salt thereof, as an emulsifier, in a shell preparation step and a high-quality thermoplastic resin composition exhibiting excellent impact resistance, such as impact strength and tensile strength, and excellent appearance, such as surface gloss, whiteness, and retention-associated heat discoloration, and causing considerable reduction in the amount of gas generated on a surface of a resin during a high-temperature thermoforming process due to inclusion of the ASA graft copolymer.

The present invention relates to a method of preparing an ASA graft copolymer, a method of preparing a thermoplastic resin composition including the ASA graft copolymer, and a method of manufacturing a molded article using the thermoplastic resin composition. More particularly, the present invention provides an ASA graft copolymer having improved thermal stability through addition of an emulsifier in a specific amount range in a seed preparation step and introduction of a multifunctional carboxylic acid having 20 or more carbon atoms or a salt thereof, as an emulsifier, in a shell preparation step and a high-quality thermoplastic resin composition exhibiting excellent impact resistance, such as impact strength and tensile strength, and excellent appearance, such as surface gloss, whiteness, and retention-associated heat discoloration, and causing considerable reduction in the amount of gas generated on a surface of a resin during a high-temperature thermoforming process due to inclusion of the ASA graft copolymer.