A composition, an interlayer manufactured therefrom, and an apparatus including the interlayer are provided. The composition includes a polymer compound represented by Formula 1, a non-arylamine-based compound represented by Formula 2, and a solvent: ##STR00001##
Z.sub.o.  <Formula 2> The substituents in Formulae 1 and 2 may be understood as described in connection with the detailed description.

This specification discloses non-aqueous solvent, pigmented ink formulations that are suitable for the electronic and aerospace industries and form printed marks that are resistant to smearing and dissolution by organic solvents commonly used in overcoatings in this industry and others. These ink formulations are based on use of an acidic resin with an inherent acid value of at least about 25 mg KOH/g, preferably at least partially neutralized by a quaternary ammonium hydroxide and/or alcohol amine acid neutralizing or modifying agent.

Provided are a polyamide resin having high crystallinity, a high glass transition temperature, and a low mass loss rate, and a polyamide resin composition and a molded article in which the polyamide resin is used. The polyamide resin includes a diamine-derived structural unit and a dicarboxylic acid-derived structural unit, in which 50 mol % or more of the diamine-derived structural units are structural unit derived from p-benzenediethanamine, and of the dicarboxylic acid-derived structural units, from not less than 20 mol % to less than 95 mol % are structural units derived from an aromatic dicarboxylic acid and from more than 5 mol % to not more than 80 mol % are structural units derived from an α,ω-linear aliphatic dicarboxylic acid having from 4 to 15 carbons.

Provided are a polyamide resin having high crystallinity, a high glass transition temperature, and a low mass loss rate, and a polyamide resin composition and a molded article in which the polyamide resin is used. The polyamide resin includes a diamine-derived structural unit and a dicarboxylic acid-derived structural unit, in which 50 mol % or more of the diamine-derived structural units are structural unit derived from p-benzenediethanamine, and of the dicarboxylic acid-derived structural units, from not less than 20 mol % to less than 95 mol % are structural units derived from an aromatic dicarboxylic acid and from more than 5 mol % to not more than 80 mol % are structural units derived from an α,ω-linear aliphatic dicarboxylic acid having from 4 to 15 carbons.

Provided is a pneumatic tire that has excellent fuel efficiency and rubber strength and combines high load capacity and space saving. A pneumatic tire mounted on a vehicle, comprises: a tread configured to come into contact with a road surface; and a belt layer located on an inner side of the tread in a tire radial direction, wherein an outer diameter of the pneumatic tire is 350 mm or more and 600 mm or less, the following relationship:

0.78≤RW/SW≤0.88 is satisfied, where RW is a rim width of a rim wheel to be attached to the pneumatic tire and SW is a tire section width of the pneumatic tire, and a rubber composition that contains: a rubber component containing a diene-based rubber; and a mercaptocarboxylic acid compound is used in the pneumatic tire.

Provided is a pneumatic tire that has excellent fuel efficiency and rubber strength and combines high load capacity and space saving. A pneumatic tire mounted on a vehicle, comprises: a tread configured to come into contact with a road surface; and a belt layer located on an inner side of the tread in a tire radial direction, wherein an outer diameter of the pneumatic tire is 350 mm or more and 600 mm or less, the following relationship:

0.78≤RW/SW≤0.88 is satisfied, where RW is a rim width of a rim wheel to be attached to the pneumatic tire and SW is a tire section width of the pneumatic tire, and a rubber composition that contains: a rubber component containing a diene-based rubber; and a mercaptocarboxylic acid compound is used in the pneumatic tire.

Provided is a resist underlayer film-forming composition that is used in a lithographic process in semiconductor manufacturing and has excellent storage stability. The resist underlayer film-forming composition contains: a polymer having a disulfide bond in a main chain; a radical trapping agent; and a solvent. The radical trapping agent is preferably a compound having a ring structure or a thioether structure. The ring structure is preferably an aromatic ring structure having 6-40 carbon atoms or a 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine structure.

The present disclosure is directed to systems and methods for providing a dielectric layer on a semiconductor substrate capable of supporting very high density interconnects (i.e., ≥100 IO/mm). The dielectric layer includes a maleimide polymer in which a thiol-terminated functional group crosslinks with an epoxy resin. The resultant dielectric material provides a dielectric constant of less than 3 and a dissipation factor of less than 0.001. Additionally, the thiol functional group forms coordination complexes with noble metals present in the conductive structures, thus by controlling the stoichiometry of epoxy to polyimide, the thiol-polyimide may beneficially provide an adhesion enhancer between the dielectric and noble metal conductive structures.

An object of the present disclosure is to provide a rubber composition from which a crosslinked rubber molded product having good softness and excellent resilience performance can be obtained. The present disclosure provides a rubber composition containing (a) a base rubber, (b) a co-crosslinking agent, (c) a crosslinking initiator, and (d) a salt of a benzothiazole derivative, wherein (d) the salt of the benzothiazole derivative includes a compound represented by the formula (1) in which a sulfur atom S.sup.2 constituting a thiocarbonyl group has a Mulliken charge of −0.190 or more.

##STR00001##

[In the formula (1), R.sup.1 to R.sup.4 are identical to or different from each other, and represent an electron-withdrawing group or a hydrogen atom, S.sup.1 and S.sup.2 represent a sulfur atom, X represents a cation component, n is an integer ranging from 1 to 4, and at least one of R.sup.1 to R.sup.4 bonding to the identical benzene ring is an electron-withdrawing group when n is 2 or more.]

An object of the present disclosure is to provide a rubber composition from which a crosslinked rubber molded product having good softness and excellent resilience performance can be obtained. The present disclosure provides a rubber composition containing (a) a base rubber, (b) a co-crosslinking agent, (c) a crosslinking initiator, and (d) a salt of a benzothiazole derivative, wherein (d) the salt of the benzothiazole derivative includes a compound represented by the formula (1) in which a sulfur atom S.sup.2 constituting a thiocarbonyl group has a Mulliken charge of −0.190 or more.

##STR00001##

[In the formula (1), R.sup.1 to R.sup.4 are identical to or different from each other, and represent an electron-withdrawing group or a hydrogen atom, S.sup.1 and S.sup.2 represent a sulfur atom, X represents a cation component, n is an integer ranging from 1 to 4, and at least one of R.sup.1 to R.sup.4 bonding to the identical benzene ring is an electron-withdrawing group when n is 2 or more.]