A softening agent composition including (1) a silicone polymer, (2) a water-repellent polymer, (3) an emulsifier, and (4) a liquid medium that is water or a mixture of water and an organic solvent. Also disclosed is a method for producing the softening agent composition which includes producing a water-repellent polymer by polymerizing, in the presence of the silicone polymer, a monomer that constitutes the water-repellent polymer. The water-repellent polymer may be at least one selected from the group consisting of fluorine-containing polymers and non-fluorine-containing polymers. Also disclosed is a method for treating a substrate with the softening agent composition and a substrate treated with the softening agent composition.

A development roller for an electrophotographic device that can both reduce resistance and suppress bleeding-out of an ion-conducting agent is provided. A development roller for an electrophotographic device 10 is provided with a shaft body 12, an elastic body layer 14 formed on the outer periphery of the shaft body 12, and a surface layer formed on the outer periphery of the elastic body layer 14. The surface layer 16 includes the following constituents (a) to (c), and the content of constituent (b) is 3.0 to 60 parts by mass, relative to 100 parts by mass of constituent (a). Constituent (a) is a binder comprising acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber, where the content of acrylonitrile is 31 mass % or more and 36 mass % or less. Constituent (b) is an ion-conducting agent. Constituent (c) is an acrylic polymer comprising at least one selected from among a silicone group and a fluorine group.

A compound represented by Formula (1) given below. (In the formula, R.sup.1 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, and X represents a C.sub.2 to 6 alkylene group, a C.sub.4 to 6 alkylene group containing an oxygen atom and/or a sulfur atom, or a C.sub.3 to 6 alkylene group in which at least one hydrogen is replaced with an acryloxy group or a methacryloxy group.)

A compound represented by Formula (1) given below. (In the formula, R.sup.1 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, and X represents a C.sub.2 to 6 alkylene group, a C.sub.4 to 6 alkylene group containing an oxygen atom and/or a sulfur atom, or a C.sub.3 to 6 alkylene group in which at least one hydrogen is replaced with an acryloxy group or a methacryloxy group.)

Disclosed is a compound represented by formula (I): ##STR00001##
in formula (I), R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, X.sup.1 and X.sup.2 each independently represent a group represented by any one of formula (X.sup.1−1) to formula (X.sup.1−8): ##STR00002## A.sup.1 and A.sup.2 each independently represent an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 24 carbon atoms which may have a substituent, and —CH.sub.2— included in the aliphatic hydrocarbon group may be replaced by —O—, —S—, —CO— or —S(O).sub.2—, and R.sup.3 represents a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 24 carbon atoms which may have a substituent, and —CH.sub.2— included in the hydrocarbon group may be replaced by —O—, —S—, —CO— or —S(O).sub.2—.

Disclosed is a compound represented by formula (I): ##STR00001##
in formula (I), R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, X.sup.1 and X.sup.2 each independently represent a group represented by any one of formula (X.sup.1−1) to formula (X.sup.1−8): ##STR00002## A.sup.1 and A.sup.2 each independently represent an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 24 carbon atoms which may have a substituent, and —CH.sub.2— included in the aliphatic hydrocarbon group may be replaced by —O—, —S—, —CO— or —S(O).sub.2—, and R.sup.3 represents a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 24 carbon atoms which may have a substituent, and —CH.sub.2— included in the hydrocarbon group may be replaced by —O—, —S—, —CO— or —S(O).sub.2—.

The present invention relates to a highly fluorinated nanostructured polymer foam as well as to its use as a super-repellent coating of substrates. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a composition and to a method for producing the highly fluorinated nanostructured polymer foam.

The present invention relates to a highly fluorinated nanostructured polymer foam as well as to its use as a super-repellent coating of substrates. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a composition and to a method for producing the highly fluorinated nanostructured polymer foam.

A durable coating which reduces ice adhesion and minimizes ice accumulation includes a polymeric binder and a film forming lubricant. The polymeric binder is selected from a fluoropolymer or silicone polymer having one or more reactive groups. The film forming lubricant is a lubricous fluoropolymer or silicone polymer. Methods of applying a durable coating are also disclosed.

A durable coating which reduces ice adhesion and minimizes ice accumulation includes a polymeric binder and a film forming lubricant. The polymeric binder is selected from a fluoropolymer or silicone polymer having one or more reactive groups. The film forming lubricant is a lubricous fluoropolymer or silicone polymer. Methods of applying a durable coating are also disclosed.