Cofactor analogs for methyltransferases are disclosed. The compounds are represented by formula (I) wherein R1 is COOH or COO; X is an organic or inorganic anion carrying one or more negative charges; Y and Y are H, or an alkyl; R2 is NH.sub.2, NHBoc, or H; and Z is S or Se. R comprises a carbon-carbon double bond, carbon-oxygen double bond, carbon-sulfur double bond, carbon-nitrogen double bond, a carbon-carbon triple bond, carbon-nitrogen triple bond, an aromatic carbocyclic or heterocyclic system in -position to the sulfonium center, unsaturated c-c bond, or c-heteroatom bond where the heteroatom is O, N, S.

Encrypted markers that are not readily detectable can be revealed by treatment with a specific reagent used as a developer to reveal a readily detectable physical property of the marker, such as a characteristic fluorescence emission after excitation with a particular excitation wavelength, or to reveal a visible color. The encrypted marker can be developed in situ, or a sample can be removed by brushing, scraping, swabbing or scratching the marked object or item and developing the encrypted marker or a sample thereof with the appropriate developer to reveal an overt marker or optical signal. The encrypted marker may include a DNA taggant.

Provided herein is a two-component photosensitizer, which demonstrated robust and selective killing effects for transfected HEK cells and affibody targeted A431 cancer cells when exposed to near infrared light excitation. Free MG2I is a pure and stable fluorogen; it is easy to synthesize and modify, and has no toxicity to cells. Unlike conventional photosensitizers, the dye and FAP itself has no photosensitizing effect until they are bound. Also unlike other activation methods, the activation step is achieved by adding the fluorogen, not the presence of the targeted molecule, requiring an active activation instead of a passive activation. This method offers the ability to locally switch-on and selective generation of singlet oxygen at the target site and can be used for a wide variety of molecular targets.

Provided herein is a two-component photosensitizer, which demonstrated robust and selective killing effects for transfected HEK cells and affibody targeted A431 cancer cells when exposed to near infrared light excitation. Free MG2I is a pure and stable fluorogen; it is easy to synthesize and modify, and has no toxicity to cells. Unlike conventional photosensitizers, the dye and FAP itself has no photosensitizing effect until they are bound. Also unlike other activation methods, the activation step is achieved by adding the fluorogen, not the presence of the targeted molecule, requiring an active activation instead of a passive activation. This method offers the ability to locally switch-on and selective generation of singlet oxygen at the target site and can be used for a wide variety of molecular targets.

A composition containing Brilliant Blue G (BBG) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a positional isomer of Brilliant Blue G (BBG) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, the composition containing 90 wt % or more and 100 wt % or less of one or both of Brilliant Blue G (BBG) and the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof in the total of the Brilliant Blue G (BBG), the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of Brilliant Blue G (BBG), the positional isomer of Brilliant Blue G (BBG), and the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the positional isomer of Brilliant Blue G (BBG), a method for producing said composition, and a method of removing the ocular membrane of a human patient.

Provided are a compound represented by any one of Formulae (1) to (3) described in the specification, a coloring composition for dyeing or textile printing including the compound, an ink for ink jet textile printing, a method of printing on fabric, and a dyed or printed fabric.

This invention is directed to methods for the facile and accurate identification of cancer cells in a tissue sample, such as a surgical field. In particular, the compositions and methods employ conjugates comprising pro-fluorescent fluorescein based moieties bound to folic or pteroic acid targeting moiety optionally through a linker. The pro-fluorescent fluorescein based moieties are non-fluorescent but capable of being rendered fluorescent by intracellular processes. The conjugates are employed to detect cancer cells that overexpress folic acid receptors thereby providing for differential accumulation of these conjugates in these cells.

The present invention relates to BTK occupancy assays.

Embodiments of near-infrared (NIR) dyes are disclosed, along with methods and kits for detecting analytes with the NIR dyes. The NIR dyes have a structure according to the general structure ##STR00001##
At least one of R.sup.1/R.sup.2, R.sup.2/R.sup.3, R.sup.3/R.sup.4, R.sup.5/R.sup.6, R.sup.6/R.sup.7, and/or R.sup.7/R.sup.8 together forms a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl or aryl.

Embodiments of near-infrared (NIR) dyes are disclosed, along with methods and kits for detecting analytes with the NIR dyes. The NIR dyes have a structure according to the general structure ##STR00001##
At least one of R.sup.1/R.sup.2, R.sup.2/R.sup.3, R.sup.3/R.sup.4, R.sup.5/R.sup.6, R.sup.6/R.sup.7, and/or R.sup.7/R.sup.8 together forms a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl or aryl.