Numerous aspects of communication devices, methods, and systems are described in this application. One aspect is an apparatus comprising a plurality of energy generators arrangeable on or adjacent skin. Each energy generator of the plurality of energy generators may be operable to output a plurality of different energy types in a signal direction toward the skin. The plurality of energy generators may be operable to communicate with nerves associated with the skin when arranged on or adjacent the skin by outputting an energy signal in the signal direction with one or more energy types of the plurality of different energy types.

A method is described for the determination of the taking of a medication utilizing at least one physiological parameter monitoring platform. In addition, the method also may enable the determination of physiological effects or events resultant from the taking of a medication (or lack thereof) through the use of one or more physiological monitoring platforms.

A system including a sensor interface coupled to a processor. The sensor interface is configured to receive and process an analog electrocardiogram signal of a subject and provide a digitized electrocardiogram signal sampled over a first time period and a second time period that is subsequent to the first time period. The processor is configured to receive the digitized electrocardiogram signal, to analyze a frequency domain transform of the digitized electrocardiogram signal sampled over the first and second time periods and determine first and second metrics indicative of metabolic state of a myocardium of the subject during the first and second time periods, respectively, to compare the first and second metrics to determine whether the metabolic state of the myocardium of the subject is improving, and to indicate administration of an intervention to the subject in response to a determination that the metabolic state is not improving.

A method of identifying chronic pain in a patient including using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), performing a functional brain scan in the NAc (nucleus accumbens) of a patient brain including extracting activity from the NAc. Database information, which includes fMRI data obtained from healthy patients, may be compared to the extracted activity to determine if patient is a chronic pain patient. In patients with chronic pain, the method may be repeated to evaluate the effects of the treatment. A resting state brain scan may be performed initially, and a Fourier transform may be performed to obtain frequency content. The frequency bands of the method may be broken down to extract information in a 0.01-0.027 Hz frequency band.

The invention relates to methods to evaluate in one single assay the biocompatibility of materials based on the simultaneous determination of the phagocytosis, cell activation and cell death produced by said materials, preferably, in peripheral blood or other human cells and proximal fluids. The invention also relates to a kit to perform the method of the invention.

A diaper, having urine detection functionalities, comprises a urine isolation layer, an absorbent core layer and an outer layer. A urine detection device is disposed in between the urine isolation layer and the absorbent core layer. The urine isolation layer has an open end embedded in a sleeve of the absorbent core layer. The urine detection device comprises a detection circuit and a test paper composite. The test paper composite includes: a trace element test paper, an antibiotic test paper and a urine routine test paper. Each test paper is made up of test strips for detecting different elements. Each test strip produces results according to a different color indicator scheme. The antibiotic test paper includes a specimen absorption pad, a specimen binding pad, a reaction membrane, and an absorbent pad. An antibiotic detection method is provided.

Embodiments now disclosed herein provide an apparatus and method in which free radicals can be detected in a substance by MRI without changing the MRI static field.

A non-invasive method and system for assessing the survival of a transplanted flap involve the following steps. A control unit instructs a variable-frequency current generator circuit to generate a constant current at a fixed frequency and pass the constant current through a detection electrode. The detection electrode detects a bioelectrical impedance of the skin to which the flap has been transplanted, and the bioelectrical impedance of the skin is compared with a pre-defined threshold value. If the bioelectrical impedance of the skin exceeds the pre-defined threshold value, it is determined that an abnormal condition has occurred.

The present disclosure relates to methods and systems suitable for use in identifying and providing personalised medicine to a patient. In some aspects, systems and method generate a co-therapy regimen for a patient suffering from a disease or condition. An identification of a co-therapy suitable to treat the disease or condition is received. A desired patient endpoint and a patient position are received, wherein the patient position is defined relative to the desired patient endpoint. A dataset relating to the patient is stored. The dataset comprises one or more patient data based on patient-related measurements. The dataset, the patient position and the desired patient endpoint are processed to generate a regimen for the co-therapy. The regimen is stored in a database.

A method of administering insulin includes receiving glucose measurements of a patient at a data processing device from a continuous glucose monitoring system. The glucose measurements are separated by a time interval. The method also includes receiving patient information at the data processing device and selecting a subcutaneous insulin treatment from a collection of subcutaneous insulin treatments. The selection is based on the glucose measurements and the patient information. The selection includes one or more of a subcutaneous standard program, a subcutaneous program without meal boluses, a meal-by-meal subcutaneous program without carbohydrate counting, a meal-by-meal subcutaneous program with carbohydrate counting, and a subcutaneous program for non-diabetic patients. The method also includes executing, using the data processing device, the selected subcutaneous insulin treatment.