Systems and methods of making carbon particles with thermal transfer gas. A method of making carbon particles may comprise heating a thermal transfer gas by Joule heating and contacting the thermal transfer gas with a reactive hydrocarbon feedstock gas to generate the carbon particles and hydrogen gas. A method of making carbon particles may comprise heating a thermal transfer gas with the aid of Joule heating and mixing the thermal transfer gas with a hydrocarbon feedstock gas to generate the carbon particles.

Carbon black in which an oil absorption amount is 150 mL/100 g or more and 400 mL/100 g or less and a nickel content that is measured by induced coupled plasma-mass spectrometry is 50 ppb or less.

Provided is a process for producing a purified carbon black with a reduced content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. The process includes (a) providing a carbon black including an initial content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, (b) treating the carbon black including an initial content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with an extraction agent including carbon dioxide in a supercritical state to extract at least a portion of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from the carbon black, and (c) removing the extraction agent including the extracted polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from the carbon black to obtain a purified carbon black with a lower content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons than the initial content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. It is furthermore provided a carbon black obtained through said production process and articles made therefrom.

Provided is a process for producing a purified carbon black with a reduced content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. The process includes (a) providing a carbon black including an initial content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, (b) treating the carbon black including an initial content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with an extraction agent including carbon dioxide in a supercritical state to extract at least a portion of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from the carbon black, and (c) removing the extraction agent including the extracted polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from the carbon black to obtain a purified carbon black with a lower content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons than the initial content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. It is furthermore provided a carbon black obtained through said production process and articles made therefrom.

The invention pertains to a process for the production of crystalline carbon structure networks in a reactor 3 which contains a reaction zone 3b and a termination zone 3c, by injecting a thermodynamically stable micro-emulsion c, comprising metal catalyst nanoparticles, into the reaction zone 3b which is at a temperature of above 600? C., preferably above 700? C., more preferably above 900? C., even more preferably above 1000? C., more preferably above 1100? C., preferably up to 3000? C., more preferably up to 2500? C., most preferably up to 2000? C., to produce crystalline carbon structure networks e, transferring these networks e to the termination zone 3c, and quenching or stopping the formation of crystalline carbon structure networks in the termination zone by spraying in water d.

The invention pertains to a process for the production of crystalline carbon structure networks in a reactor 3 which contains a reaction zone 3b and a termination zone 3c, by injecting a thermodynamically stable micro-emulsion c, comprising metal catalyst nanoparticles, into the reaction zone 3b which is at a temperature of above 600? C., preferably above 700? C., more preferably above 900? C., even more preferably above 1000? C., more preferably above 1100? C., preferably up to 3000? C., more preferably up to 2500? C., most preferably up to 2000? C., to produce crystalline carbon structure networks e, transferring these networks e to the termination zone 3c, and quenching or stopping the formation of crystalline carbon structure networks in the termination zone by spraying in water d.

Systems and methods are provided for forming specialty products from hydrotreated FCC fractions. Optionally, the hydrotreated FCC fractions used for forming the specialty products can further include a (hydrotreated) portion of a steam cracker tar fraction. The specialty products that can be formed from hydrotreated FCC fractions include, but are not limited to, carbon blacks, resins, and carbon fibers. A convenient method for forming the hydrotreated FCC fractions can be fixed bed hydrotreatment.

A carbon black wherein a nitrogen adsorption specific surface area (N.sub.2SA) is 25 to 60 m.sup.2/g, a DBP absorption number is 90 to 180 cm.sup.3/100 g, a ratio of the nitrogen adsorption specific surface area (N.sub.2SA) to an iodine adsorption number (IA) (N.sub.2SA/IA) is 1.10?10.sup.3 to 1.50?10.sup.3 m.sup.2/g, a hydrogen content by NMR is 150 to 250 /g, and ?D is 260 to 290 cm.sup.?1.

A carbon black wherein a nitrogen adsorption specific surface area (N.sub.2SA) is 25 to 60 m.sup.2/g, a DBP absorption number is 90 to 180 cm.sup.3/100 g, a ratio of the nitrogen adsorption specific surface area (N.sub.2SA) to an iodine adsorption number (IA) (N.sub.2SA/IA) is 1.10?10.sup.3 to 1.50?10.sup.3 m.sup.2/g, a hydrogen content by NMR is 150 to 250 /g, and ?D is 260 to 290 cm.sup.?1.

An industrial production plant including at least one reactor for producing a flue gas and including a heat exchanger system having a first heat exchanger section for heat exchange between the flue gas and a fluid and a second heat exchanger section for heat exchange between the flue gas and reaction air for the reactor, which can be preheated by the second heat exchanger section. The first heat exchanger section is configured as a double-tube heat exchanger with first tubes each arranged one-way in a respective first jacket tube, and the second heat exchanger section is configured as a tube bundle heat exchanger with a tube bundle of second tubes arranged in a second jacket tube and each arranged one-way in the jacket tube.