A torch stinger apparatus may comprise one or more sets of plasma generating electrodes and at least one hydrocarbon injector contained within the electrodes. The electrodes may be concentric. The at least one hydrocarbon injector may be cooled. A method of making carbon particles using the apparatus is also described.

The present invention relates to a carbon black and to a process to produce such carbon black as well as uses of such carbon black. The present invention further relates to compositions including such carbon black and the use of such compositions.

The present invention relates to a carbon black and to a process to produce such carbon black as well as uses of such carbon black. The present invention further relates to compositions including such carbon black and the use of such compositions.

A combustible gas from carbon black production is utilized in a gas engine by adding an oxygen-containing gas to the combustible gas, passing said mixed gas over a selective catalyst, which is active for oxidizing H.sub.2S to SO.sub.2 but substantially inactive for oxidation of CO, H.sub.2 and other hydrocarbons with less than 4 C-atoms, passing the converted gas through an SO.sub.2 removal step, and passing the cleaned gas to a gas engine or to an energy recovery boiler. This way, the tail gas from carbon black production, which is normally combusted in a CO boiler or incinerated, can be utilized to good effect.

A torch stinger apparatus may comprise one or more sets of plasma generating electrodes and at least one hydrocarbon injector contained within the electrodes. The electrodes may be concentric. The at least one hydrocarbon injector may be cooled. A method of making carbon particles using the apparatus is also described.

The invention pertains to a process for the production of crystalline carbon structure networks in a reactor 3 which contains a reaction zone 3b and a termination zone 3c, by injecting a thermodynamically stable micro-emulsion c, comprising metal catalyst nanoparticles, into the reaction zone 3b which is at a temperature of above 600? C., preferably above 700? C., more preferably above 900? C., even more preferably above 1000? C., more preferably above 1100? C., preferably up to 3000? C., more preferably up to 2500? C., most preferably up to 2000? C., to produce crystalline carbon structure networks e, transferring these networks e to the termination zone 3c, and quenching or stopping the formation of crystalline carbon structure networks in the termination zone by spraying in water d.

The invention pertains to a process for the production of crystalline carbon structure networks in a reactor 3 which contains a reaction zone 3b and a termination zone 3c, by injecting a thermodynamically stable micro-emulsion c, comprising metal catalyst nanoparticles, into the reaction zone 3b which is at a temperature of above 600? C., preferably above 700? C., more preferably above 900? C., even more preferably above 1000? C., more preferably above 1100? C., preferably up to 3000? C., more preferably up to 2500? C., most preferably up to 2000? C., to produce crystalline carbon structure networks e, transferring these networks e to the termination zone 3c, and quenching or stopping the formation of crystalline carbon structure networks in the termination zone by spraying in water d.

Secondary heat may be added to a particle production process. The particles may be, for example, carbon particles. Among other things, the secondary heat addition may result in change in surface area of the carbon particle(s), change in structure of the carbon particle(s), reduced wall fouling, reduced energy consumption and/or increased throughput. Apparatus for performing the process is also described.

Disclosed herein are systems and methods for reducing the particulate matter content of an exhaust gas from a carbon black process.

Disclosed herein are systems and methods for reducing the particulate matter content of an exhaust gas from a carbon black process.