The invention includes systems and methods for forming organized carbon solids, such as high-structure carbon black, from a hydrocarbon precursor. These systems and methods comprise selection of feedstock for forming the carbon black and seeding the reaction chamber to enhance surface-promoted deposition of high quality carbon black solids.

The present invention relates to a furnace black having a STSA surface area of at 130 m.sup.2/g to 350 m.sup.2/g wherein the ratio of BET surface area to STSA surface area is less than 1.1 if the STSA surface area is in the range of 130 m.sup.2/g to 150 m.sup.2/g, the ratio of BET surface area to STSA surface area is less than 1.2 if the STSA surface area is greater than 150 m.sup.2/g to 180 m.sup.2/g, the ratio of BET surface area to STSA surface area is less than 1.3 if the STSA surface area is greater than 180 m.sup.2/g; and
the STSA surface area and the BET surface area are measured according to ASTM D 6556 and to a furnace process wherein the stoichiometric ratio of combustible material to O.sub.2 when forming a combustion gas stream is adjusted to obtain a k factor of less than 1.2 and the inert gas concentration in the reactor is increased while limiting the CO.sub.2 amount fed to the reactor. Also provided is an apparatus for conducting the process according to the present invention.

The present invention relates to a furnace black having a STSA surface area of at 130 m.sup.2/g to 350 m.sup.2/g wherein the ratio of BET surface area to STSA surface area is less than 1.1 if the STSA surface area is in the range of 130 m.sup.2/g to 150 m.sup.2/g, the ratio of BET surface area to STSA surface area is less than 1.2 if the STSA surface area is greater than 150 m.sup.2/g to 180 m.sup.2/g, the ratio of BET surface area to STSA surface area is less than 1.3 if the STSA surface area is greater than 180 m.sup.2/g; and
the STSA surface area and the BET surface area are measured according to ASTM D 6556 and to a furnace process wherein the stoichiometric ratio of combustible material to O.sub.2 when forming a combustion gas stream is adjusted to obtain a k factor of less than 1.2 and the inert gas concentration in the reactor is increased while limiting the CO.sub.2 amount fed to the reactor. Also provided is an apparatus for conducting the process according to the present invention.

A toner based on fly-ash rich carbon and method of producing are disclosed. The process includes preparing a latex and preparing a pigment including fly ash, where the fly ash has been ground to nanoparticle size. The latex, pigment including fly ash, and polyethylene wax are combined in an emulsion aggregation process. The latex is formed by a mixing process including combining ammonium bicarbonate, sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, styrene, acrylic acid, and methyl methacrylate. The emulsion aggregation process includes steps of dispersing a mixture of the polyethylene wax, pigment including fly ash, and latex in water, adding zinc oxide, nitric acid, adding Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), elevating the temperature, neutralizing the product mixture with NaOH solution and cooling the mixture, Centrifuging, washing and drying are performed to achieve a finished toner which includes fly ash pigment, polyethylene wax, poly(styrene-methyl methacrylate-acrylic acid) latex, zinc oxide and a chelating agent.

A toner based on fly-ash rich carbon and method of producing are disclosed. The process includes preparing a latex and preparing a pigment including fly ash, where the fly ash has been ground to nanoparticle size. The latex, pigment including fly ash, and polyethylene wax are combined in an emulsion aggregation process. The latex is formed by a mixing process including combining ammonium bicarbonate, sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, styrene, acrylic acid, and methyl methacrylate. The emulsion aggregation process includes steps of dispersing a mixture of the polyethylene wax, pigment including fly ash, and latex in water, adding zinc oxide, nitric acid, adding Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), elevating the temperature, neutralizing the product mixture with NaOH solution and cooling the mixture, Centrifuging, washing and drying are performed to achieve a finished toner which includes fly ash pigment, polyethylene wax, poly(styrene-methyl methacrylate-acrylic acid) latex, zinc oxide and a chelating agent.

The invention relates to a process for producing hybrid carbon black particles (12), which comprises the steps: a) production of first carbon black starting particles (16); b) production of second carbon black starting particles (22); c) milling of the second carbon black starting particles (22); d) mixing of the second carbon black starting particles (22) into a particle stream (48) of the first carbon black starting particles (16); and d) pelletization of the first and second carbon black starting particles (16, 22) to form hybrid carbon black particles (12). The invention further relates to an apparatus (10) for producing hybrid carbon black particles (12) and to hybrid carbon black particles (12) produced by means of the process or the apparatus (10).

The invention relates to a process for producing hybrid carbon black particles (12), which comprises the steps: a) production of first carbon black starting particles (16); b) production of second carbon black starting particles (22); c) milling of the second carbon black starting particles (22); d) mixing of the second carbon black starting particles (22) into a particle stream (48) of the first carbon black starting particles (16); and d) pelletization of the first and second carbon black starting particles (16, 22) to form hybrid carbon black particles (12). The invention further relates to an apparatus (10) for producing hybrid carbon black particles (12) and to hybrid carbon black particles (12) produced by means of the process or the apparatus (10).

The invention relates to a process for producing hybrid carbon black particles (12), which comprises the steps: a) production of first carbon black starting particles (16); b) production of second carbon black starting particles (22); c) milling of the second carbon black starting particles (22); d) mixing of the second carbon black starting particles (22) into a particle stream (48) of the first carbon black starting particles (16); and d) pelletization of the first and second carbon black starting particles (16, 22) to form hybrid carbon black particles (12). The invention further relates to an apparatus (10) for producing hybrid carbon black particles (12) and to hybrid carbon black particles (12) produced by means of the process or the apparatus (10).

The invention relates to a process for producing hybrid carbon black particles (12), which comprises the steps: a) production of first carbon black starting particles (16); b) production of second carbon black starting particles (22); c) milling of the second carbon black starting particles (22); d) mixing of the second carbon black starting particles (22) into a particle stream (48) of the first carbon black starting particles (16); and d) pelletization of the first and second carbon black starting particles (16, 22) to form hybrid carbon black particles (12). The invention further relates to an apparatus (10) for producing hybrid carbon black particles (12) and to hybrid carbon black particles (12) produced by means of the process or the apparatus (10).

Disclosed herein inkjet ink compositions comprising: (a) a carbon black having the following properties: OAN170 mL/100 g; and STSA ranging from 160 to 220 m.sup.2/g; (b) at least one polymeric dispersant selected from polyoxyethylene / polyoxypropylene block copolymers, styrene-acrylic resins, styrene-methacrylic resins, styrene-maleic acid copolymers, and styrene- maleic anhydride copolymers; (c) at least one surfactant selected from ethoxylated siloxanes, succinic acid esters, and succinic acid salts; and (d) at least one polyurethane.