The present invention provides a composition for substrate surface modification and a method using the same, and the composition for substrate surface modification is composed of a compound of the general formula structure shown in formula 1:

##STR00001## formula 1, wherein n.sub.1 is an integer of 1 to 6, and R is a zwitterionic group. The composition for substrate surface modification uses water as a medium to perform modifying reaction over a substrate surface, and at the same time has biological modification characteristics, and abilities of immobilizing biomolecules and anti-biofouling.

The present invention provides a composition for substrate surface modification and a method using the same, and the composition for substrate surface modification is composed of a compound of the general formula structure shown in formula 1:

##STR00001## formula 1, wherein n.sub.1 is an integer of 1 to 6, and R is a zwitterionic group. The composition for substrate surface modification uses water as a medium to perform modifying reaction over a substrate surface, and at the same time has biological modification characteristics, and abilities of immobilizing biomolecules and anti-biofouling.

An antifouling coating composition contains a silyl ester (co)polymer and medetomidine and is used to prevent the fouling of substrates by aquatic organisms and which can form antifouling coating films exhibiting outstanding antifouling properties over a long period and also has good storage stability. The antifouling coating composition includes a silyl ester (co)polymer (A) and medetomidine (B), the silyl ester (co)polymer (A) including structural units derived from a monomer (a) represented by the general formula (I): R.sup.1CHC(CH.sub.3)COO(SiR.sup.2R.sup.3O).sub.nSiR.sup.4R.sup.5R.sup.6, and structural units derived from an unsaturated monomer (b) copolymerizable with the monomer (a).

Durable polyurea copolymer coatings can be applied to surfaces that come in contact with fluids, such as biological fluids, thereby passivating the surface. Polyurea copolymer coating compositions comprise a reaction product of (a) a diamine composition that includes a polyethylene glycol diamine, and optionally, a dipiperidyl alkane; and (b) a diisocyanate. Solutions containing polyurea copolymers, coated surfaces and methods are also described.

Disclosed herein is an anti-biofouling copolymer including a first structural unit represented by formula (I) and a second structural unit represented by formula (II), ##STR00001##
wherein each of the substituents is given the definition as set forth in the Specification and Claims. Also disclosed herein is a method for preparing an anti-biofouling copolymer which includes subjecting a first compound represented by formula (a) to polymerization reaction with a second compound represented by formula (b), ##STR00002##
wherein each of the substituents is given the definition as set forth in the Specification and Claims.

The present invention relates to a base material that comes into contact with water and contains a base material main body and a surface layer provided on at least a part of a surface that comes into contact with water of the base material main body, (1) in which the surface layer is composed of a cured product of a composition containing a compound having a biocompatible moiety and a reactive silyl group, the biocompatible moiety has a specific structure, the composition has a content of the biocompatible moiety being 25 to 83% by mass and a content of the reactive silyl group being 2 to 70% by mass, in a solid component, or (2) in which the surface layer has an elastic modulus showing a measured value in water being 0.1% to 63% with respect to a measured value after drying in the air.

The embodiments herein relate to a substrate coated with a multi-layer coating system including: optionally a primer layer applied to the substrate and deposited from a primer coating composition; a tie-coat layer applied to the substrate or to the optional primer layer, deposited from a tie-coat composition including a binder polymer obtainable by copolymerizing a mixture of ethylenically unsaturated monomers, the binder polymer having curable alkoxysilyl functional groups. The substrate can include a topcoat layer applied to the tie-coat layer, and deposited from a non-aqueous liquid foul release coating composition including a curable resin system including i) a curable polymer and optionally ii) a curing agent and/or a catalyst, where the non-aqueous liquid foul release coating composition is essentially free of a curable polysiloxane.

The present invention relates to a coating film forming composition, in which a coating film formed by the coating film forming composition has a water contact angle, after a surface was washed with water, of 25 or less, and a water content, after impregnation with water at 25 C. for 2 hours, of 110% or less.

A substrate or coating is provided that includes a protease with enzymatic activity toward a component of a biological stain. Also provided is a process for facilitating the removal of a biological stain is provided wherein an inventive substrate or coating including a protease is capable of enzymatically degrading of one or more components of the biological stain to facilitate biological stain removal from the substrate or said coating.

The antifouling film includes a polymer layer that includes on a surface thereof an uneven structure provided with multiple projections at a pitch not longer than a wavelength of visible light. The polymer layer has a proportion of the number of fluorine atoms relative to the sum of the numbers of carbon atoms, nitrogen atoms, oxygen atoms, and fluorine atoms of 33 atom % or more on the surface of the uneven structure and of 3 atom % or less on average in a region 90 to 120 nm deep from the surface of the uneven structure. The polymer layer has a proportion of the number of nitrogen atoms relative to the sum of the numbers of carbon atoms, nitrogen atoms, oxygen atoms, and fluorine atoms of 4 atom % or less on average in a region 90 to 120 nm deep from the surface of the uneven structure.