The present invention has an object to provide an anti-biofouling coating material which is capable of forming a coating film excellent in anti-biofouling properties and adhesiveness. Further, the present invention has another object to provide a ship, etc. and an article to be used in a humid or wetted environment, having, on its surface, a coating film formed by using the above anti-biofouling coating material. Further, the present invention has other objects to provide a method for preventing adhesion of organisms to a ship, etc. and to provide a method for preventing adhesion of fungi or algae to the surface of an article to be used in a humid or wetted environment, by using the above anti-biofouling coating material. The anti-biofouling coating material of the present invention is an anti-biofouling coating material to be applied to the surface of an article in order to prevent adhesion of organisms, which comprises a polymer F being a fluorinated polymer containing units based on a fluoroolefin, and a polymer G being a polymer containing units based on a (meth)acrylate having a polyoxyalkylene chain.

An anti-fouling coating is provided, containing a continuous matrix comprising a first component; a plurality of inclusions comprising a second component, wherein the first component is a low-surface-energy polymer having a surface energy, and the second component is a hygroscopic material containing one or more ionic species. The low-surface-energy polymer and the hygroscopic material are chemically connected ionically or covalently, such as in a segmented copolymer composition comprising fluoropolymer soft segments and ionic species contained within the soft segments. The continuous matrix and the inclusions form a lubricating surface layer in the presence of humidity. Coefficient-of-friction experimental data is presented for various sample coatings. The incorporation of ionic species into the polymer chain backbone increases the hygroscopic behavior of the overall structure. Improvement in lubrication enables material to be cleared from a surface using the natural motion of an automotive or aerospace vehicle.

A method of fabricating quantum dots layer is provided. The method includes converting a plurality of first block regions of a substrate from having a first property into having a second property different from the first property, the first property being selected from hydrophilic, oleophilic, and hydro-oleophobic, the second property being selected from hydrophilic and oleophilic; coating the plurality of first block regions with a first quantum dots material solution including a first ligand chelated to a first quantum dots material in a first solvent having the second property; converting the plurality of first block regions from having the second property into having the first property, and converting a plurality of second block regions of the substrate from having the first property into having the second property; and coating the plurality of second block regions with a second quantum dots material solution including a second ligand.

The present invention provides eductors comprising: a component having a metal surface: and a hydrophobic surface layer applied thereto, directly or through an intermediate layer. The surface layer comprises a self-assembled monolayer prepared from a fluorinated material having the structure:

##STR00001##

wherein A is an oxygen radical or a chemical bond; n is 1 to 20; Y is H, F, C.sub.nH.sub.2n+1 or C.sub.nF.sub.2n+1; X is H or F; b is at least 1, m is 0 to 50, p is 1 to 20, and Z is an acid group or an acid derivative. Also provided is a method of reducing deposition of a friction reducer on a metal surface of a component of an eductor, comprising: contacting the surface with a fluorinated material in a diluent, wherein the fluorinated material has the structure above; forming a film on the metal surface; and introducing the friction reducer into the apparatus.

The present invention provides methods of reducing friction on a surface of an apparatus that stores or transports a gas, comprising: (a) contacting the surface either directly or through an intermediate organometallic layer with a fluorinated material in a diluent, wherein the fluorinated material has the following structure:

##STR00001##

wherein A is an oxygen radical or a chemical bond; n is 1 to 20; Y is H, F, C.sub.nH.sub.2n+1 or C.sub.nF.sub.2n+1; X is H or F; b is at least 1, m is 0 to 50, p is 1 to 20, and Z is an acid group or an acid derivative; (b) forming a hydrophobic surface layer on the surface; and (c) introducing the gas into the apparatus.

The present invention provides treated gravel pack screens comprising a metal surface and a hydrophobic surface layer applied thereto, directly or through an intermediate layer. The surface layer comprises a self-assembled monolayer prepared from a fluorinated material having the structure:

##STR00001##

wherein A is an oxygen radical or a chemical bond; n is 1 to 20; Y is H, F, C.sub.nH.sub.2n+1 or C.sub.nF.sub.2n+1; X is H or F; b is at least 1, m is 0 to 50, p is 1 to 20, and Z is an acid group or an acid derivative. Also provided is a method of reducing deposition of a contaminant on a metal surface of a gravel pack screen, comprising: contacting the surface with the above fluorinated material in a diluent, directly or through an intermediate layer; forming a hydrophobic surface layer on the surface; and introducing a fluid through the gravel pack screen.

The present invention provides treated, transportable ISO tanks comprising an interior metal surface and a hydrophobic surface layer applied thereto, directly or through an intermediate layer. The surface layer comprises a self-assembled monolayer prepared from a fluorinated material having the structure:

##STR00001##

wherein A is an oxygen radical or a chemical bond; n is 1 to 20; Y is H, F, C.sub.nH.sub.2n+1 or C.sub.nF.sub.2n+1; X is H or F; b is at least 1, m is 0 to 50, p is 1 to 20, and Z is an acid group or an acid derivative. Also provided is a method of reducing deposition of a friction reducer on a surface of an apparatus that stores or transports the same, comprising: contacting the surface with the above fluorinated material in a diluent, directly or through an intermediate layer; forming a film on the surface; and introducing the friction reducer therein.

Disclosed is a light emitting display device configured to prevent a liquid encapsulation material from overflowing a dam and a method of manufacturing the same. The light emitting display device includes a nanostructure configured to surround an active area and provided on a first inorganic encapsulation layer over at least one dam pattern, and an organic encapsulation layer provided on the first inorganic encapsulation layer in an area inward from the nanostructure.

Syntactic polyurethane elastomers are made using a non-mercury catalyst. The elastomer is made from a reaction mixture containing a polyether polyol having a low amount of terminal unsaturation, a chain extender, a polyisocyanate and microspheres. The elastomer adheres well to itself, which makes it very useful as thermal insulation for pipelines and other structures that have a complex geometry.

Disclosed methyl styrene farmin compounds, and crosslinked polymeric backbones comprising same. Further disclosed microsized and nanosized polymeric particles comprising polyisothiouronium methylstyrene (PITMS) and/or poly(methyl styrene farmin) or a derivative thereof, and uses thereof in, for example, reducing or preventing growth of microorganisms.