The present disclosure provides nanostructure compositions and methods of producing nanostructure compositions. The nanostructure compositions comprise at least one population of nanostructures, at least one reactive diluent, at least one anaerobic stabilizer, and optionally at least one organic resin. The present disclosure also provides nanostructure films comprising a nanostructure layer and methods of making nanostructure films.

The present disclosure provides nanostructure compositions and methods of producing nanostructure compositions. The nanostructure compositions comprise at least one population of nanostructures, at least one reactive diluent, at least one anaerobic stabilizer, and optionally at least one organic resin. The present disclosure also provides nanostructure films comprising a nanostructure layer and methods of making nanostructure films.

A composite film may include a first transparent substrate and a first anti-reflective coating overlying a first surface of the first transparent substrate. The first anti-reflective coating may include a first UV curable acrylate binder, a photo initiator component, and silica nanoparticles dispersed within the first anti-reflective coating. The first anti-reflective coating may further include a ratio AC1.sub.SiO2/AC1.sub.B of at least about 0.01 and not greater than about 1.3. The composite film may further have a VLT of at least about 93.0% and a haze value of not greater than about 3%.

A composite film may include a first transparent substrate and a first anti-reflective coating overlying a first surface of the first transparent substrate. The first anti-reflective coating may include a first UV curable acrylate binder, a photo initiator component, and silica nanoparticles dispersed within the first anti-reflective coating. The first anti-reflective coating may further include a ratio AC1.sub.SiO2/AC1.sub.B of at least about 0.01 and not greater than about 1.3. The composite film may further have a VLT of at least about 93.0% and a haze value of not greater than about 3%.

A crystalline titanium and magnesium compound having an X-ray diffraction pattern having interplanar spacing (d-spacing) values at about 5.94, 3.10, 2.97, 2.10, 1.98, 1.82, and 1.74±0.1 angstroms may be used in protective coatings for metal or metal alloy substrates. The coatings exhibit excellent corrosion resistances and provide corrosion protection equal to or better than typical non-chromate coatings.

A crystalline titanium and magnesium compound having an X-ray diffraction pattern having interplanar spacing (d-spacing) values at about 5.94, 3.10, 2.97, 2.10, 1.98, 1.82, and 1.74±0.1 angstroms may be used in protective coatings for metal or metal alloy substrates. The coatings exhibit excellent corrosion resistances and provide corrosion protection equal to or better than typical non-chromate coatings.

A coating layer application device (200) for applying a coating layer, which is located on a transfer element, to a substrate, the coating layer (206) being formed from a coating material, in particular a thermosetting coating material, the coating layer (206) being curable and comprising an amorphous material, the coating layer application device comprising: a heating device (214, 220) being configured so as to (i) maintain the temperature of the coating layer (206) within a temperature range before removal of N the transfer element (204) from the coating layer (206), wherein within the temperature range the uncured coating material is in its supercooled liquid state; and/or (ii) partially cure the coating layer (206) during a contact of the coating layer (206) and the substrate (210) and before removal of the transfer element (204) from the coating layer, in particular by increasing the temperature of the coating layer (206) to a temperature at or above a curing temperature of the coating layer (206).

A coating layer application device (200) for applying a coating layer, which is located on a transfer element, to a substrate, the coating layer (206) being formed from a coating material, in particular a thermosetting coating material, the coating layer (206) being curable and comprising an amorphous material, the coating layer application device comprising: a heating device (214, 220) being configured so as to (i) maintain the temperature of the coating layer (206) within a temperature range before removal of N the transfer element (204) from the coating layer (206), wherein within the temperature range the uncured coating material is in its supercooled liquid state; and/or (ii) partially cure the coating layer (206) during a contact of the coating layer (206) and the substrate (210) and before removal of the transfer element (204) from the coating layer, in particular by increasing the temperature of the coating layer (206) to a temperature at or above a curing temperature of the coating layer (206).

An electrical steel sheet is described, which has an insulating coating on its surface. The insulating coating is free of chromium and comprises plate-like particles of inorganic compound and a metal phosphate. The plate-like particles of inorganic compound are in the form of secondary particles, which are formed by aggregating primary particles, and present in an amount of not less than 0.1 parts by mass and not greater than 20 parts by mass, with respect to 100 parts by mass of the metal phosphate. The secondary particles have an average particle diameter of no less than 0.05 μm and no greater than 5 μm, and have a specific surface area of 1 to 80 m.sup.2/g. The primary particles have an aspect ratio of 50 to 1000. The electrical steel sheet has excellent heat resistance, corrosion resistance, appearance, and insulating properties.

An electrical steel sheet is described, which has an insulating coating on its surface. The insulating coating is free of chromium and comprises plate-like particles of inorganic compound and a metal phosphate. The plate-like particles of inorganic compound are in the form of secondary particles, which are formed by aggregating primary particles, and present in an amount of not less than 0.1 parts by mass and not greater than 20 parts by mass, with respect to 100 parts by mass of the metal phosphate. The secondary particles have an average particle diameter of no less than 0.05 μm and no greater than 5 μm, and have a specific surface area of 1 to 80 m.sup.2/g. The primary particles have an aspect ratio of 50 to 1000. The electrical steel sheet has excellent heat resistance, corrosion resistance, appearance, and insulating properties.