A coating includes at least one coating layer containing first particles, second particles, and third particles distributed throughout a cross-linked, continuous polymer matrix. An outer surface of the coating layer includes surfaces of at least first particles extending outward from a top periphery of the polymer matrix. The outer surface exhibits a property of delaying ice formation compared to the coating layer without the first particles. A method includes applying a coating composition in one application step. The one-step coating composition contains first particles, second particles, and third particles in a base containing a polymer. A coating composition includes first particles, second particles, and third particles distributed in a matrix precursor.

This invention relates to a multilayer coating system derived from Titanium dioxide free aqueous coating compositions. The multilayer coating system comprises at least two layers including a layer of base coating which provides good hiding function for substrates and a second layer of clear top coating which provides surface protection functions for the coating system. The base coating composition comprises an opaque (co)polymer having at least one void per (co)polymer particle. The top coating composition comprises a duller (co)polymer chosen from a multi-stage (co)polymer, a single stage crosslinked (co)polymer, and mixtures thereof.

This invention provides a polymer thick film copper conductor composition for forming a solderable and highly solder leach resistant electrical conductor and a method for using the polymer thick film copper conductor composition to form the electrical conductor in an electrical circuit. The method subjects the deposited thick film copper conductor composition to photonic sintering. The invention further provides electrical devices containing electrical conductors made from the polymer thick film copper conductor composition and also those formed by the method.

A powder watercolour paint is provided for achieving special colour effects, wherein the paint comprises a powder filler having hydrophobic treatment and particles of an aqueous liquid coloured base containing 0.5 to 10% by weight of coloured pigment or pigment paste, 1.5 to 5% by weight of natural or synthetic gum, and 1 to 5% by weight of a hydrophobizing oil ingredient.

An yttrium fluoride spray material contains Y.sub.5O.sub.4F.sub.7 and YF.sub.3, and has an average particle size of 10-60 m and a bulk density of 1.2-2.5 g/cm.sup.3. The Y.sub.5O.sub.4F.sub.7 and YF.sub.3 in the yttrium fluoride spray material consist of 30 to 90% by weight of Y.sub.5O.sub.4F.sub.7 and the balance of YF.sub.3. A sprayed coating of yttrium oxyfluoride is obtained by atmospheric plasma spraying of the spray material.

Pigment based particles in powder form intended to be used as colorants in a digital print formed by applying dry colorants on a surface, bonding a part of the colorants with a binder and removing the non-bonded colorants from the surface. A panel with a surface including a digitally formed print of macro colorants including a particle body and color pigments attached to the surface of the particle body is also described. The colorants are arranged in patterns with pigments on an upper and lower surface of the particle body.

A magnetizable ink suitable for a packing material for forming food packages is disclosed. The ink comprises magnetizable particles; a solvent; and a binder.

This coated metal plate is a chromate-free coated metal plate for exterior applications, which comprises a metal plate and a coating film that is arranged on the metal plate. The coating film contains 0.01-15% by volume of porous particles as a gloss control agent. If R (m) is the number average particle diameter of the gloss control agent, T (m) is the film thickness of the coating film, and is the standard deviation of the number-based particle size distribution of the gloss control agent, the coated metal plate satisfies the following formulae. (R+2)/T0.7 R2.0 9T19.

This coated metal plate is a chromate-free coated metal plate for exterior applications, which comprises a metal plate and a coating film that is arranged on the metal plate. The coating film contains 0.2-15 vol % of porous particles as a gloss control agent, and contains 0.2-15 vol % of primary particles as a matting agent. If R1 (m) is the number average particle diameter of the gloss control agent, R2 (m) is the number average particle diameter of the matting agent, T (m) is the film thickness of the coating film, 1 (m) is the standard deviation of the number-based particle size distribution of the gloss control agent and 2 (m) is the standard deviation of the number-based particle size distribution of the matting agent, the coated metal plate satisfies the following formulae.

(R1+21)/T0.7

R12.0

2.0(R2+22)/T7.0

13T20

Provided is a method of forming a microsphere having a structural color, which includes providing a composition for generating a structural color including a curable material and magnetic nanoparticles dispersed in the curable material, forming an emulsion by adding the composition for generating a structural color to an immiscible solvent, arranging the magnetic nanoparticles located in the emulsion droplet of the curable material in a one-dimensional chain structure by applying a magnetic field to the emulsion, and fixing the chain structure by curing the emulsion droplet.