An emulsion ink includes a carrier fluid, pigment particles, and a liquid resin. The carrier fluid is a dielectric, non-aqueous carrier fluid. The pigment particles are within the carrier fluid. The liquid resin is in a dispersed phase within the carrier fluid. The liquid resin is to be polymerized after the ink is applied to a substrate.

Provided is an ink set including standard ink and light ink. Standard ink includes cyan, magenta, and yellow inks. Light ink includes a light cyan or light magenta ink, or both. The pigment concentration in cyan ink is 1.9% by mass or greater but 3.6% by mass or less. The pigment concentration in light cyan ink is 0.4% by mass or greater but 1.4% by mass or less. The pigment concentration in magenta ink is 1.9% by mass or greater but 3.6% by mass or less. The pigment concentration in light magenta ink is 0.4% by mass or greater but 1.4% by mass or less. The light ink contains water, organic solvent, and resin. The organic solvent contains amide compound represented by General formula (1).

##STR00001##

In General formula (1), R.sub.1, R.sub.2, and R.sub.3 each represent a hydrocarbon group containing from 1 through 8 carbon atoms.

Provided is an ink set including standard ink and light ink. Standard ink includes cyan, magenta, and yellow inks. Light ink includes a light cyan or light magenta ink, or both. The pigment concentration in cyan ink is 1.9% by mass or greater but 3.6% by mass or less. The pigment concentration in light cyan ink is 0.4% by mass or greater but 1.4% by mass or less. The pigment concentration in magenta ink is 1.9% by mass or greater but 3.6% by mass or less. The pigment concentration in light magenta ink is 0.4% by mass or greater but 1.4% by mass or less. The light ink contains water, organic solvent, and resin. The organic solvent contains amide compound represented by General formula (1).

##STR00001##

In General formula (1), R.sub.1, R.sub.2, and R.sub.3 each represent a hydrocarbon group containing from 1 through 8 carbon atoms.

A process for producing pigments having a defined size and shape and also pigments produced by this process. The process has the steps: a) production of a three-dimensional surface structure on a substrate, with surface regions which are in each case partly bounded by a plurality of three-dimensional structural elements and are arranged in gaps being formed; b) application of a pigment material layer to the surface structure; c) detachment of the pigment material layer from the surface structure and production of pigments.

A process for producing pigments having a defined size and shape and also pigments produced by this process. The process has the steps: a) production of a three-dimensional surface structure on a substrate, with surface regions which are in each case partly bounded by a plurality of three-dimensional structural elements and are arranged in gaps being formed; b) application of a pigment material layer to the surface structure; c) detachment of the pigment material layer from the surface structure and production of pigments.

The present invention relates to formulations comprising at least one organic semiconductor and at least one organic solvent, characterized in that the formulation contains less than 10,000 particles per liter formulation having an average size in the range from 0.1 to 20 μm, to their use for the preparation of electronic devices, to methods for preparing electronic devices using the formulations of the present invention, and to electronic devices prepared from such methods and formulations.

The present invention relates to formulations comprising at least one organic semiconductor and at least one organic solvent, characterized in that the formulation contains less than 10,000 particles per liter formulation having an average size in the range from 0.1 to 20 μm, to their use for the preparation of electronic devices, to methods for preparing electronic devices using the formulations of the present invention, and to electronic devices prepared from such methods and formulations.

Disclosed herein is a water-based dispersion, which includes metal oxide nanoparticles and a zwitterionic stabilizer. More specifically, the dispersion comprises a metal oxide nanoparticle having the formula (1) MmM′On, wherein M is an alkali metal, m is greater than 0 and less than 1, M′ is any metal, and n is greater than 0 and less than or equal to 4; a zwitterionic stabilizer; and a balance of water. Also disclosed herein is a jettable composition, which includes metal oxide nanoparticles having the formula (1) MmM′On wherein M is an alkali metal, m is greater than 0 and less than 1, M′ is any metal, and n is greater than 0 and less than or equal to 4; a zwitterionic stabilizer; a surfactant; and a balance of water.

Disclosed herein is a water-based dispersion, which includes metal oxide nanoparticles and a zwitterionic stabilizer. More specifically, the dispersion comprises a metal oxide nanoparticle having the formula (1) MmM′On, wherein M is an alkali metal, m is greater than 0 and less than 1, M′ is any metal, and n is greater than 0 and less than or equal to 4; a zwitterionic stabilizer; and a balance of water. Also disclosed herein is a jettable composition, which includes metal oxide nanoparticles having the formula (1) MmM′On wherein M is an alkali metal, m is greater than 0 and less than 1, M′ is any metal, and n is greater than 0 and less than or equal to 4; a zwitterionic stabilizer; a surfactant; and a balance of water.

The invention relates to a colouring composition, preferably an ink for ink jet printing, comprising: (A) 3.0-15.0% by weight of Ti in the form of a titanium compound obtained by a process comprising: (i) reacting at least one titanium alkoxide with water and, optionally, at least one alcohol, thereby obtaining a reaction mixture; (ii) adding glycolic acid in a Ti:acid molar ratio comprised between 1:0.8 and 1:2.0, thereby generating a mixture of water and alcohol comprising an intermediate titanium compound; (iii) optionally, but preferably, removing part of the mixture comprising water and alcohol; (iv) adding at least one compound of formula N(R2).sub.3 with a Ti:N(R2).sub.3 molar ratio comprised between 1:0.20 and 1:1.50; and (v) completely eliminating the alcohol; (B) 0.2-2.5% by weight of Cr and/or Ni in the form of at least one water-soluble organic compound of Cr and/or Ni; (C) up to 100% by weight of at least one solvent selected from the group consisting of water, organic solvents miscible with water and mixtures thereof, wherein the quantities (A), (B) and (C) refer to the overall weight of the colouring composition.