An active energy ray curable composition is provided. The active energy ray curable composition includes polymerizable compounds including a first monofunctional monomer having a polar group, a second monofunctional monomer having no polar group, and a polyfunctional monomer. The homopolymer of each of the first monofunctional monomer and the second monofunctional monomer has a glass transition temperature of 50° C. or more. The first monofunctional monomer and the second monofunctional monomer account for 50% by mass or more of the polymerizable compounds in total, and the polyfunctional monomer accounts for 30% by mass or less of the polymerizable compounds.

Described herein are inks and coating compositions comprising semiconductor metal oxides and composites thereof, which are natural environmentally sustainable materials that may be recycled and/or reused indefinitely. Semiconductor metal oxides offer an alternative to relatively more toxic, non-sustainable, photo and heat-degrading, migrating traditional photoinitiator agents used in actinic radiation curable compositions. The semiconductor metal oxides and composites thereof absorb visible or UV-light as photocatalysts and/or semiconductors, or absorb electron beam radiation, forming radicals for radical events as polymerization reactions and color enhancement events.

Described herein are inks and coating compositions comprising semiconductor metal oxides and composites thereof, which are natural environmentally sustainable materials that may be recycled and/or reused indefinitely. Semiconductor metal oxides offer an alternative to relatively more toxic, non-sustainable, photo and heat-degrading, migrating traditional photoinitiator agents used in actinic radiation curable compositions. The semiconductor metal oxides and composites thereof absorb visible or UV-light as photocatalysts and/or semiconductors, or absorb electron beam radiation, forming radicals for radical events as polymerization reactions and color enhancement events.

In one aspect, inks for use with a three-dimensional printing system are described herein. In some embodiments, an ink described herein comprises a thiol monomer component and an ene monomer component. Moreover, in some cases, an ink described herein further comprises an additional (meth)acrylate monomer component differing from the ene monomer component. In some such cases, the additional (meth)acrylate monomer component can be polymerized separately from the thiol and ene monomers of the ink.

Provided is a method for favorable bonding between an adherend and an adhesive body, which is capable of suppressing an ink layer, which is formed by an ultraviolet-curable ink, from being smudged while increasing convenience of a bonding operation between the adherend and the adhesive body, and the like. The method for bonding a medium to a foil body includes an ink layer formation process of spotting an ultraviolet-curable ink, which is ejected from an inkjet head, to a medium and irradiating ultraviolet ray to the ultraviolet-curable ink to cure the same, thereby forming an ink layer; a lamination process of laminating the medium and a foil body with the ink layer being sandwiched therebetween; and a bonding process of heating the ink layer, enabling the ink layer to function as an adhesive, and bonding the medium to the foil body.

An ink jet recording method includes discharging a ultraviolet curable ink of which viscosity is 7 mPa.Math.s or more at 20° C. from a head toward a recording medium, and curing the ultraviolet curable ink adhered to the recording medium, wherein, in the discharging, the temperature of the ultraviolet curable ink discharged is 20 to 30° C., and the viscosity of the ultraviolet curable ink at the temperature is 13 mPa.Math.s or less.

An ink jet recording method includes discharging a ultraviolet curable ink of which viscosity is 7 mPa.Math.s or more at 20° C. from a head toward a recording medium, and curing the ultraviolet curable ink adhered to the recording medium, wherein, in the discharging, the temperature of the ultraviolet curable ink discharged is 20 to 30° C., and the viscosity of the ultraviolet curable ink at the temperature is 13 mPa.Math.s or less.

An inkjet printing method includes the steps of: a) printing a first print job by jetting a free radical UV curable white inkjet ink from a white ink print head and one or more free radical UV curable color inkjet inks from one or more other print heads in a UV curable inkjet printer; b) filling the white ink print head in the UV curable inkjet printer with a safeguard liquid including one or more free radical polymerizable monomers; c) printing a second print job employing only the one or more other print heads in the UV curable inkjet printer for jetting one or more free radical UV curable color inkjet inks; d) replacing the safeguard liquid of the white ink print head in the UV curable inkjet printer by UV curable white inkjet ink; and e) printing a third print job by jetting free radical UV curable white inkjet ink from the white ink print head and jetting one or more free radical UV curable color inkjet inks from one or more other print heads in the UV curable inkjet printer.

An inkjet printing method includes the steps of: a) printing a first print job by jetting a free radical UV curable white inkjet ink from a white ink print head and one or more free radical UV curable color inkjet inks from one or more other print heads in a UV curable inkjet printer; b) filling the white ink print head in the UV curable inkjet printer with a safeguard liquid including one or more free radical polymerizable monomers; c) printing a second print job employing only the one or more other print heads in the UV curable inkjet printer for jetting one or more free radical UV curable color inkjet inks; d) replacing the safeguard liquid of the white ink print head in the UV curable inkjet printer by UV curable white inkjet ink; and e) printing a third print job by jetting free radical UV curable white inkjet ink from the white ink print head and jetting one or more free radical UV curable color inkjet inks from one or more other print heads in the UV curable inkjet printer.

A urethane (meth)acrylate not comprising caprolactone is the product of reaction of A) a monoalcohol bearing from 1 to 5 (meth)acrylates, B) an allophanate-modified polyisocyanate, C) optionally, in the presence of a saturated polyol of functionality 2 to 3, D) optionally, in the presence of an unsaturated polyol with a hydroxyl functionality of 2 to 4, said polyol being C.sub.3 to C.sub.18, E) optionally, in the presence of a reactive diluent. A process for preparing the urethane (meth)acrylate includes reacting the monoalcohol A) and the polyisocyanate B) in the optional presence of C), D), and/or E). The urethane (meth)acrylate may be used in curable compositions for coatings, in particular for varnishes and inks, adhesives, adhesion primers, coatings for wood, metal or plastic and application by spray gun and provide a good compromise between reactivity, flexibility, adherence, hardness, and ease of use.