An ink composition can include carbon black pigment, from 50 wt % to 80 wt % water, from 15 wt % to 35 wt % organic solvent, from 0.25 wt % to 9 wt % free latex particles having an average particles size from 50 nm to 500 nm, from 0.1 wt % to 1 wt % C10 to C20 fatty acid, and lithium.

The emulsion for water-based inks of the present invention comprises an emulsion particle containing a polymer component having a glass transition temperature of 55° C. or more and a polymer component having a glass transition temperature of less than 55° C., and the emulsion particle having an acid value derived from carboxyl groups of 0 to 6. Further, the ink composition for water based inks of the present invention comprises the above-mentioned emulsion for water-based inks.

Binders and methods of binder jetting are provided based on the use of branched polymer binders. The applicants have found that, even more so than the molecular weight, the ability to achieve higher maximum printable concentrations leads to higher densities and improved structural properties of the manufactured articles. The methods can be used for a variety of articles from metal parts to structural ceramics, to tablets and other oral dosage forms. The branched chain polymers can include a short-chain branched polymer; a long-chained branched polymer; a hyper-branched polymer, a cyclic polymer; a comb-type polymer; a 3-arm star type polymer, a 4-arm star type polymer, a dendritic polymer, and a combination thereof. The branched-chain polymer can include various polymers such as polyvinylpyrrolidone, poly(vinyl alcohol), or poly(acrylic acid).

A water-based ink for ink-jet recording includes: a resin-dispersed pigment; a humectant including a humectant component of which vapor pressure at 20° C. is not less than 0.02 hPa; resin fine particles; a surfactant; and water. A mass ratio of the humectant component in the humectant is not less than 75%; and a surface tension of the water-based ink is not more than 33 mN/m. The water-based ink satisfies the following conditions (A) and (B), condition (A): 1.3<H/(P+R)<3 condition (B): 1≤R/P. In the conditions (A) and (B): H: a content amount (% by mass) of the humectant in the wafer-based ink, P: a solid content amount (% by mass) of the resin-dispersed pigment in the water-based ink, and R: a content amount (% by mass) of the resin fine particles in the water-based ink.

A purpose of the present disclosure is to provide a coated colorant and a coloring composition that have superior dispersion stability, high compatibility with binder resins, low viscosity after being made into an ink, good preservation stability, and a good film gloss value. Provided is a coated colorant in which a surface of a colorant is coated with a resin (P), the resin (P) contains a colorant adsorption group-containing monomer unit, a maleic acid (anhydride) unit, and a (meth)aryl monomer unit, and the colorant adsorption group-containing monomer unit contains at least one of an α-olefin unit and a ring-containing monomer unit.

There is provided an ink discharging apparatus including a controller which controls conveying speed of a recording medium so that a cumulative heating amount received per unit area of the recording medium from a heater is in a range of 0.7 J/cm.sup.2 to 2.9 J/cm.sup.2. A water-based ink included in the ink discharging apparatus contains a first water-soluble organic solvent of which saturated vapor pressure at 20° C. is 0.03 hPa to 2.20 hPa. The first water-soluble organic solvent is contained in a range of 10% by mass to 40% by mass. A content amount of a second water-soluble organic solvent, of which saturated vapor pressure at 20° C. is greater than 2.20 hPa, is less than 3% by mass; and a content amount of a third water-soluble organic solvent, of which saturated vapor pressure at 20° C. is less than 0.03 hPa, is less than 10% by mass.

Described herein are depolymerized polystyrene resins derived from polystyrene source resins. The depolymerized polystyrene resins undergo a depolymerization in which chemical bonds are cleaved, producing depolymerized polystyrene resins of lower molecular weight. The polystyrene resins may be modified by chemical reaction with monomers, polymers, and oligomers, such as acrylates thereof. Also described are ink and coating compositions that include the depolymerized and modified polystyrene resins.

An article comprising a double-switching heater that comprises a double-switching PTC ink deposited on a flexible substrate to form one or more resistors. The double-switching PTC ink comprises a first resin and a second resin; the first resin provides a first PTC effect within a first temperature range (T1, T2); the second resin provides a second PTC effect within a second temperature range (T3, T4), where T3≥T2; the first resin has an NTC effect above the first temperature range; the second PTC effect is greater than the first PTC effect; and the second PTC effect overlaps with, and is greater than, the NTC effect of the first resin. The substrate can be either thermal polyurethane, nylon or a polyester blend.

An article comprising a double-switching heater that comprises a double-switching PTC ink deposited on a flexible substrate to form one or more resistors. The double-switching PTC ink comprises a first resin and a second resin; the first resin provides a first PTC effect within a first temperature range (T1, T2); the second resin provides a second PTC effect within a second temperature range (T3, T4), where T3≥T2; the first resin has an NTC effect above the first temperature range; the second PTC effect is greater than the first PTC effect; and the second PTC effect overlaps with, and is greater than, the NTC effect of the first resin. The substrate can be either thermal polyurethane, nylon or a polyester blend.

A dispersion liquid includes water, a coloring material, and a dispersion resin that disperses the coloring material. The dispersion resin has a constituent unit A containing a hydrophobic monomer, a constituent unit B containing a hydrophilic acrylic acid monomer, and a constituent unit C containing a hydrophilic vinyl monomer having a sulfonate group, and the weight-average molecular weight of the dispersion resin is 10,000 to 100,000. The content of the constituent unit A is 60 mol % or more relative to the total amount of the dispersion resin.