A device for detecting acute coronary syndrome (ACS) events, arrythmias, heart rate abnormalities, medication problems such as non-compliance or ineffective amount or type of medication, and demand/supply related cardiac ischemia is disclosed. The device may have both implanted and external components and can communicate with other user devices such as smartphones and smartwatches for monitoring and alerting in response to detected medically relevant events or states of a patient. The processor is configured to provide event detection based upon various criteria including what is found to be statistically abnormal for a patient or what has been defined by a doctor to be abnormal. A patient's cardiovascular condition can be tracked over time using histogram, trend, and summary information related to heart rate and/or cardiac features such as those measured from the S-T segment of heartbeats. Heartbeats that are elevated but which are below what is defined as high, are used to provide medically relevant detections.

Some disclosed methods involve controlling, via a control system, a light source system to emit a plurality of light pulses into biological tissue at a pulse repetition frequency, the biological tissue including blood and blood vessels at depths within the biological tissue. Such methods may involve receiving, by the control system, signals from the piezoelectric receiver corresponding to acoustic waves emitted from portions of the biological tissue, the acoustic waves corresponding to photoacoustic emissions from the blood and the blood vessels caused by the plurality of light pulses. Such methods may involve detecting, by the control system, heart rate waveforms in the signals, determining, by the control system, a first subset of detected heart rate waveforms corresponding to vein heart rate waveforms and determining, by the control system, a second subset of detected heart rate waveforms corresponding to artery heart rate waveforms.

Methods and apparatus disclosed herein use a filtering technique to improve the accuracy of the results achieved when processing data provided by a physiological sensor. The disclosed filtering technique corrects many of the accuracy problems associated with physiological sensors, particularly PPG sensors. Broadly, the filtering technique adjusts a current filtered estimate of a physiological metric as a function of a rate limit based on a comparison between an instantaneous estimate of the physiological metric and the current filtered estimate.

A contactless system for measuring and continuously monitoring arterial blood pressure includes a light source configured to illuminate light having at least one predetermined wavelength at a predetermined area of a human subject having an artery therein. A detector responsive to reflected light from the predetermined area to continuously acquire images of the artery in the predetermined area. A processor processes the images and determines when an image at a proximal location of the predetermined area is darker indicating transition of a pulse wave into the artery at the proximal location and at a proximal time and when an image at a distal location of the predetermined area is darker indicating transition of the pulse wave into the artery at a distal location at a distal time to contactlessly and continuously calculate the arterial blood pressure for each cardiac cycle of the human subject.

An external defibrillator comprises an energy storage module, a discharge circuit, electrodes, a measurement circuit to sense contemporaneously a first ECG signal from a first vector and a second ECG signal from a second vector, and a subsequent ECG signal, and a processor. The processor is configured to multiply values of the first ECG signal with values of the second ECG signal to derive a product waveform, detect, in the product waveform, peaks that exceed a detection threshold, measure durations of time intervals between pairs of successive detected peaks, compute a heart rate of the patient from the measured durations of the time intervals, determine from the subsequent ECG signal whether a shock criterion is met, and when met, control the discharge circuit to discharge a stored electrical charge to deliver a shock to the patient. A communication module is configured to transmit the computed heart rate.

An information generating apparatus is provided with an acquirer and a controller. The acquirer is configured to acquire respiratory waveform data about respiratory pressure of a subject. The controller is configured to compare the respiratory waveform data acquired by the acquirer with preset respiratory reference waveform data, so as to generate respiratory depth information representing respiratory depth of the respiratory waveform data with respect to the respiratory reference waveform data.

Provided is a blood pressure measuring apparatus, a wrist watch type terminal, and a method of measuring blood pressure. The blood pressure measuring apparatus includes a light source that emits light onto a living body, a light receiver that receives light from the living body, and a signal processing device that calculates the blood pressure based on a detected signal received from the light receiver, wherein the signal processing device includes a subtractor that obtains a subtraction value by subtracting a moving average value of the detected signal in a second duration which is shorter than a first duration from a moving average value of the detection signal in the first duration, an extractor that extracts a feature point of a pulse wave based on the subtraction value, and a converter that converts a feature amount obtained based on the feature point to a blood pressure value.

Provided are a patient monitor and vital-sign data statistics system, having vital-sign data statistics functionality. The patient monitor includes a signal acquisition module, a data processing module, and a display module. The data processing module processes the vital-sign signal acquired by the signal acquisition module and generates physiological parameters. If request information requesting to display a vital-sign data statistics result is received, then the data processing module statistically classifies the vital-sign data within a preset time range according to set type and a statistical item of each type, and displays the data by means of the display module.

Systems are provided for generating data representing electromagnetic states of a heart for medical, scientific, research, and/or engineering purposes. The systems generate the data based on source configurations such as dimensions of, and scar or fibrosis or pro-arrhythmic substrate location within, a heart and a computational model of the electromagnetic output of the heart. The systems may dynamically generate the source configurations to provide representative source configurations that may be found in a population. For each source configuration of the electromagnetic source, the systems run a simulation of the functioning of the heart to generate modeled electromagnetic output (e.g., an electromagnetic mesh for each simulation step with a voltage at each point of the electromagnetic mesh) for that source configuration. The systems may generate a cardiogram for each source configuration from the modeled electromagnetic output of that source configuration for use in predicting the source location of an arrhythmia.

A method (20) and device for deriving an estimate of intracranial blood pressure based on motion data for a wall of an intracranial blood vessel, intracranial blood flow velocity, and a blood pressure signal measured at a location outside the brain. The method is based on identifying (28) a time offset between the two intracranial signals (vessel wall movement and vessel blood flow), and then applying (30) this offset to the blood pressure signal acquired from outside the brain to obtain a fourth signal, indicative of estimated intracranial blood pressure.