Water based, energy curable ink jet compositions that have good insulating properties are described herein. The inventive water based energy curable ink jet compositions include a water soluble or water dispersible component polymerizable by free radical polymeration upon exposure to polymerizing radiation, wherein the cured ink jet compositions have good insulating properties, exhibited for example, by its breakdown voltage. Also described are electronic devices including ink jet-printed layers of the ink jet compositions.

The present disclosure is drawn to material sets for 3-dimensional printing, 3-dimensional printing systems, and 3-dimensional printed parts. A material set can include a thermoplastic polymer powder having an average particle size from 20 μm to 100 μm, a photoluminescent ink including a photoluminescent agent, and a fusing ink. The fusing ink can include a fusing agent capable of absorbing electromagnetic radiation to produce heat.

A method for preparing a dispersion of nanoparticles of a solid organic dye or pigment in a liquid carrier, the method comprising continuously mixing: at least one solution or slurry containing a reactant precursor for the solid organic dye or pigment in an organic or other solvent with the liquid carrier in a counter current mixing reactor whereby to obtain reaction of the reactant precursor and formation of the solid organic dye or pigment as a dispersion of nanoparticles in the liquid carrier and solvent mixture; optionally, removing unreacted reactant precursor and/or by-product from the dispersion when present; and optionally, concentrating the dispersion.

A method for preparing a dispersion of nanoparticles of a solid organic dye or pigment in a liquid carrier, the method comprising continuously mixing: at least one solution or slurry containing a reactant precursor for the solid organic dye or pigment in an organic or other solvent with the liquid carrier in a counter current mixing reactor whereby to obtain reaction of the reactant precursor and formation of the solid organic dye or pigment as a dispersion of nanoparticles in the liquid carrier and solvent mixture; optionally, removing unreacted reactant precursor and/or by-product from the dispersion when present; and optionally, concentrating the dispersion.

A nanoparticle used in 3D printing is disclosed herein. In an example, the nanoparticle can comprise: at least one metal oxide, which absorbs infrared light in a range of from about 780 nm to about 2300 nm and is shown in formula (1):

M.sub.mM′O.sub.n  (1)

wherein M is an alkali metal, m is greater than 0 and less than 1, M′ is any metal, and n is greater than 0 and less than or equal to 4; and a bilayer-forming surfactant encapsulating at least a portion of the metal oxide, wherein the nanoparticle has a diameter of from about 0.1 nm to about 500 nm.

Disclosed is an ink emulsion composition that, when used as an ink composition, retains a high concentration of a colorant and exhibits good re-dispersibility after drying, and that causes no change in the physical properties of the ink when stored for a long period of time. The ink emulsion composition contains: (A) a dye and/or a pigment; (B) a styrene-(meth)acrylic copolymer; and (C) a compound in an amount of more than 0.18 mass %, the compound (C) being represented by formula (1): ##STR00001## where t represents 1 to 5.

Disclosed is an ink emulsion composition that, when used as an ink composition, retains a high concentration of a colorant and exhibits good re-dispersibility after drying, and that causes no change in the physical properties of the ink when stored for a long period of time. The ink emulsion composition contains: (A) a dye and/or a pigment; (B) a styrene-(meth)acrylic copolymer; and (C) a compound in an amount of more than 0.18 mass %, the compound (C) being represented by formula (1): ##STR00001## where t represents 1 to 5.

Disclosed herein is a water-based dispersion, which includes metal oxide nanoparticles and a zwitterionic stabilizer. More specifically, the dispersion comprises a metal oxide nanoparticle having the formula (1) MmM′On, wherein M is an alkali metal, m is greater than 0 and less than 1, M′ is any metal, and n is greater than 0 and less than or equal to 4; a zwitterionic stabilizer; and a balance of water. Also disclosed herein is a jettable composition, which includes metal oxide nanoparticles having the formula (1) MmM′On wherein M is an alkali metal, m is greater than 0 and less than 1, M′ is any metal, and n is greater than 0 and less than or equal to 4; a zwitterionic stabilizer; a surfactant; and a balance of water.

The present disclosure is drawn to material sets and 3-dimensional printing systems that include a fusing agent. One example of a material set can include a fusing agent and a detailing agent. The fusing agent can include water, a carbon black pigment, and a water-soluble co-solvent in an amount from 20 wt % to 60 wt %. The detailing agent can include water and a black dye. In another example, a material set can include a fusing agent and a thermoplastic polymer powder.

The present disclosure is drawn to material sets and 3-dimensional printing systems that include a fusing agent. One example of a material set can include a fusing agent and a detailing agent. The fusing agent can include water, a carbon black pigment, and a water-soluble co-solvent in an amount from 20 wt % to 60 wt %. The detailing agent can include water and a black dye. In another example, a material set can include a fusing agent and a thermoplastic polymer powder.