Disclosed is a method for manufacturing crystals of aluminates of one or more element(s) other than aluminium, referred to as “A. The method includes: placing starting reagents, including at least one aluminium element source and a source of the element(s) A that has a degree of oxidation of between 1 and 6, in suspension in a liquid medium, forming a suspension referred to as the “starting suspension”; milling the starting suspension at ≤50° C., in a three-dimensional liquid medium ball mill for ≤5 minutes; recovering, at the outlet of the three-dimensional ball mill, a suspension referred to as the “end suspension” including the starting reagents in activated form or crystals of aluminate of the element(s) A generally in hydrated form; if required, calcination of the end suspension when it includes the starting reagents in activated form, to obtain generally non-hydrated crystals of aluminate of the element(s) A.

[Objective] To provide a ceramic emitter that exhibits high radiation intensity and excellent wavelength selectivity.

[Solution] A ceramic emitter includes a polycrystalline body that has a garnet structure represented by a compositional formula R.sub.3Al.sub.5O.sub.12 (R: rare-earth element) or R.sub.3Ga.sub.5O.sub.12 (R: rare-earth element) and has pores with a porosity of 20-40%. The pores have a portion where the pores are connected to one another but not linearly continuous, inside the polycrystalline body.

The present invention discloses a manufacturing method of color filter. The method comprises the following steps. First, the method deposes a first color material on the substrate via a first pattern mask, forming a first color pattern, and a spray coating method is used for spraying a first color material on the substrate via the first pattern mask, therefore to form a first color pattern. Thereafter, the first pattern mask is removed and cleaned a first residual material of the first color material via laser or blow gun. The abovementioned steps will be repeated for three times to finish the color filter.

Provided is a near-infrared light emitting fluorescent material including an oxide containing Gd, Cr and Al, in which a molar ratio of Cr is in a range of 0.0085 or more and 0.05 or less when a total molar ratio of Gd and Cr is defined as 1 in 1 mol of the chemical composition of the near-infrared light emitting fluorescent material, and having a light emission peak wavelength in a range of 690 nm or more and 790 nm or less, as excited with light having a light emission peak wavelength in a range of 380 nm or more and 480 nm or less.

The present invention relates to utilization of lanthanide time resolved fluorescence for determining silica concentration. In the method sample comprising silica is admixed with a reagent comprising a lanthanide (III) ion and optionally a chelating agent, silica in the sample is allowed to interact with the reagent comprising the lanthanide (III) ion, followed by exciting the sample and detecting a signal deriving from the lanthanide (III) ion, and determining the concentration of the silica in the sample by using the detected signal.

A laser apparatus and a polycrystalline material are described. The apparatus includes the polycrystalline material which is configured to receive pumping light at a pump wavelength and to produce an optical gain for laser oscillation at a laser wavelength different from the pump wavelength. The polycrystalline material includes a ceramic material with a predetermined grain size. The polycrystalline material further includes a rare earth dopant with a predetermined concentration, wherein the predetermined grain size and the predetermined concentration cause the polycrystalline material to exhibit the optical gain at the laser wavelength.

An oxide fluorescent material comprises: at least one first element M.sup.1 selected from Li, Na, K, Rb, and Cs; at least one second element M.sup.2 selected from Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, and Zn; at least one third element M.sup.3 selected from B, Al, Ga, In, and rare earth elements; at least one fourth element M.sup.4 selected from Si, Ti, Ge, Zr, Sn, Hf, and Pb; O; and Cr, wherein when the molar ratio of the at least one fourth element M.sup.4 in 1 mol of the composition is 5, the molar ratio of the at least one first element M.sup.1 is 0.7 or more and 1.3 or less, the molar ratio of the at least one second element M.sup.2 is 1.5 or more and 2.5 or less, the molar ratio of the at least one third element M.sup.3 is 0.7 or more and 1.3 or less, the molar ratio of oxygen is 12.9 or more and 15.1 or less, and the molar ratio of Cr is more than 0 and 0.2 or less, and wherein the oxide fluorescent material has a light emission peak wavelength in a range of 700 nm or more and 1,050 nm or less in a light emission spectrum of the oxide fluorescent material.

A premixed photoluminescent composition and related hardened form and method of forming joints for pavers or stones. The premixed photoluminescent composition comprises solid aggregates; a photoluminescent particulate component adapted to emit light when photoexcited; and a binder. When in contact with an activator, oxygen or water, the binder is adapted to harden into a water-resistant binder matrix that bonds the solid aggregates and embeds the photoluminescent particulate component. In use, the water-resistant binder matrix has a transparency allowing transmission of at least a portion of the light emitted by the photoluminescent particulate component.

A premixed photoluminescent composition and related hardened form and method of forming joints for pavers or stones. The premixed photoluminescent composition comprises solid aggregates; a photoluminescent particulate component adapted to emit light when photoexcited; and a binder. When in contact with an activator, oxygen or water, the binder is adapted to harden into a water-resistant binder matrix that bonds the solid aggregates and embeds the photoluminescent particulate component. In use, the water-resistant binder matrix has a transparency allowing transmission of at least a portion of the light emitted by the photoluminescent particulate component.

A phosphor having a favorable emission peak wavelength, narrow full width at half maximum, and/or high emission intensity is provided. Additionally, a light-emitting device, an illumination device, an image display device, and/or an indicator lamp for a vehicle having favorable color rendering, color reproducibility and/or favorable conversion efficiency are provided. The present invention relates to a phosphor including a crystal phase having a composition represented by a specific formula, and having a minimum reflectance of 20% or more in a specific wavelength region, in which the specific wavelength region is from the emission peak wavelength of the phosphor to 800 nm, and a light-emitting device comprising the phosphor.