Nanoparticle compositions comprising nanoparticles formed from -conjugated cross-linked polymers are disclosed, together with their methods of manufacture and their applications. Owing to the nature of the cross-links formed therein, the nanoparticle compositions afford a high degree of manufacturing flexibility and control, as well as being amenable to facile purification for the purpose of imaging and electronics applications.

The present application discloses an electrochromic display device and a manufacturing method thereof. The electrochromic display device includes a first transparent substrate and an electrochromic pixel arrays disposed on the first transparent substrate. The electrochromic pixel arrays includes a plurality of structural units superimposed longitudinally, and a second transparent substrate disposed on each of the structural units; the structural units include common electrodes, pixel electrodes, electrochromic layers, and electrolytes; the electrochromic layers are in a transparent state or a colored state based on an applied voltage; the structural units are independently selected from one of a cyan structural unit, a magenta structural unit, and a yellow structural unit; and the electrochromic pixel arrays includes the cyan structural unit, the magenta structural unit, and the yellow structural unit.

Described are conjugated polymers and conjugated polymer nanoparticles formed therefrom. The conjugated polymers and conjugated polymer nanoparticles have a maximum emission of light that occurs within a tissue transparent window of the electromagnetic spectrum. These emission properties are particle-size independent. The sizes of the conjugated nanoparticles are controlled by altering the concentration of the conjugated polymer used to make conjugated polymer nanoparticles. Also described are methods of making conjugated polymer nanoparticles that have larger sizes than have been traditionally reported, involving a modified reprecipitation approach. The conjugated polymers and/or conjugated polymer nanoparticles can be used as fluorescent probes in biological imaging.

The disclosure relates generally to black-to-transmissive electrochromic polymers having superior properties such as absorbance of across the entire visible spectrum and an obvious color change from black to transmissive with an applied voltage. The disclosure also relates to methods for synthesizing or using the same. Further, the disclosure also relates to black-to-transmissive electrochromic polymer thin films comprising the black-to-transmissive electrochromic polymers, as well as electrochromic devices comprising the black-to-transmissive electrochromic polymers or thin films.

An electrochromic polymer is comprised of a repeat unit comprising one or more meta-conjugated linkers (MCLs) and one or more aromatic moieties (Ars). Each of the one or more MCLs is partially conjugated with the one or more Ars at meta positions of the MCLs to form a polymer backbone of the electrochromic polymer. The electrochromic polymer undergoes an optical switching and a color change in an electrochromic device, which shows a high transparency and a high optical contrast.

Provided herein are black-to-transmissive electrochromic polymers having superior properties such as absorbance of across the entire visible spectrum and an obvious color change from black to transmissive with an applied voltage. Provided also include methods for synthesizing or using the same. The black-to-transmissive electrochromic polymer thin films may comprise the black-to-transmissive electrochromic polymers, as well as electrochromic devices comprising the black-to-transmissive electrochromic polymers or thin films.

An organic semiconductor element in which an organic semiconductor layer contains a compound of Formula (1) and/or a compound of Formula (2) or contains a polymer having a structure of any one of Formulae (9) and (10):

##STR00001## in which X.sup.1 represents a nitrogen atom or CR.sup.a, rings A to D each represent a specific aromatic ring or an aromatic heterocyclic ring; Y.sup.1 represents an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, CR.sup.b.sub.2, or NR.sup.c; R.sup.a to R.sup.c each represent hydrogen atoms or substituents; R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 each represent a to specific substituent; n represents 1 or 2; and * represents a bonding site.

The present invention relates to nanoparticle compositions and, in particular, to composite polymeric nanoparticle compositions. A composite nanoparticle described herein comprises a photoluminescent polymeric component and a photo-thermal polymeric component. The photoluminescent polymeric component and the photo-thermal polymeric component can each comprise a single polymeric species or multiple polymeric species.

The present disclosure provides for the development and applications of monomeric, oligomeric and/or polymeric semiconductor materials comprising a five-membered heteroaromatic unit (e.g., thiophene; furan; selenophene; etc.) that includes an acrylyl or an acrylyl-like (CCCO) side chain. The semiconductor materials can be used as organic semiconductors for use in electronic, optical, or optoelectronic devices such as organic thin film transistors and organic photovoltaics. The disclosed semiconductor materials (e.g., semiconducting polymer compounds) can be used as high performance semiconductors (e.g., for organic solar cells or organic photovoltaics (OPVs)), and the disclosed semiconductor materials can be used for other devices (e.g., organic thin film transistors (OTFTs) and sensors, etc.).

A polymer and a light-emitting device employing the same are provided. The polymer includes a first repeat unit with a structure represented by Formula (I): ##STR00001##
wherein the definitions of R.sup.1, R.sup.2, A.sup.1, A.sup.2, A.sup.3, and Z.sup.1 and n are as defined in the specification. At least one of A.sup.1, A.sup.2, and A.sup.3 is not hydrogen.