Methods for separation of oxygenates or other chemical components from fuels using chemical processes and separations including, but not limited to, onboard applications in vehicles. These separations may take place using a variety of materials and substances whereby a target material of interest is captured, held, and then released at a desired location and under desired conditions. In one set of experiments we demonstrated an enhancement in the separation of diaromatics by >38 times over gasoline and aromatics by >3.5 times over gasoline. This would give an advantage to reducing cold-start emissions, or emissions during transient conditions, in either gasoline or diesel.

A method and composition for isolating a paraffinic hydrocarbon layer from a sludge comprising a mixture of paraffinic hydrocarbons, water, and solids are provided. The method comprises providing a paraffinic hydrocarbon isolation composition comprising isopropylamine dodecylbenzene sulfonate, a surfactant, and a solvent; contacting the sludge with the paraffinic hydrocarbon isolation composition; and allowing the paraffinic hydrocarbon isolation composition to separate the sludge into a three phase separation comprising a paraffinic hydrocarbon layer, a water layer, and a layer of settled solids.

A method and composition for isolating a paraffinic hydrocarbon layer from a sludge comprising a mixture of paraffinic hydrocarbons, water, and solids are provided. The method comprises providing a paraffinic hydrocarbon isolation composition comprising isopropylamine dodecylbenzene sulfonate, a surfactant, and a solvent; contacting the sludge with the paraffinic hydrocarbon isolation composition; and allowing the paraffinic hydrocarbon isolation composition to separate the sludge into a three phase separation comprising a paraffinic hydrocarbon layer, a water layer, and a layer of settled solids.

A process for preparing a purified benzene composition from a crude hydrocarbon stream containing at least 10% by volume of benzene is provided. The process comprises subjecting the crude hydrocarbon stream and a further recycled benzene containing stream to a solvent-based extraction so as to produce a benzene enriched aromatic stream and a benzene depleted non-aromatic stream, subjecting the benzene enriched aromatic stream to a hydrodesulfurization so as to obtain a desulfurized aromatic stream, subjecting the desulfurized aromatic stream to a distillation producing a purified benzene stream and a further benzene containing stream having a benzene concentration of between less than 100% by weight and the azeotropic benzene concentration, and at least partially recycling the further benzene containing stream.

The present invention relates to a process for removing sulfur (S)-containing compounds in crude oil material. The process comprises causing the crude oil material to react with a removing agent, which comprises a phosphoric acid ester, and an aqueous phase in the presence of microwaves. The process of the invention is applied at ambient pressure and relatively low temperature compared to the conventional desulfurization processes. The process of the invention can be readily scaled up and integrated into an industrial facility.

A method and composition for isolating a paraffinic hydrocarbon layer from a sludge comprising paraffinic hydrocarbons, water, and solids. The method includes contacting the sludge with isopropylamine dodecylbenzene sulfonate, a cutter stock, and water. The isopropylamine dodecylbenzene sulfonate comprises a concentration of at least 1500 ppm. The ratio of sludge:cutter:water is at least 4:2:1. The method also includes determining if the sludge has separated into a three phase separation comprising a paraffinic hydrocarbon layer, a water layer, and a layer of settled solids.

A method and composition for isolating a paraffinic hydrocarbon layer from a sludge comprising paraffinic hydrocarbons, water, and solids. The method includes contacting the sludge with isopropylamine dodecylbenzene sulfonate, a cutter stock, and water. The isopropylamine dodecylbenzene sulfonate comprises a concentration of at least 1500 ppm. The ratio of sludge:cutter:water is at least 4:2:1. The method also includes determining if the sludge has separated into a three phase separation comprising a paraffinic hydrocarbon layer, a water layer, and a layer of settled solids.

A method and composition for isolating a paraffinic hydrocarbon layer from a sludge comprising a mixture of paraffinic hydrocarbons, water, and solids are provided. The method comprises providing a paraffinic hydrocarbon isolation composition comprising isopropylamine dodecylbenzene sulfonate, a surfactant, and a solvent; contacting the sludge with the paraffinic hydrocarbon isolation composition; and allowing the paraffinic hydrocarbon isolation composition to separate the sludge into a three phase separation comprising a paraffinic hydrocarbon layer, a water layer, and a layer of settled solids.

A method and composition for isolating a paraffinic hydrocarbon layer from a sludge comprising a mixture of paraffinic hydrocarbons, water, and solids are provided. The method comprises providing a paraffinic hydrocarbon isolation composition comprising isopropylamine dodecylbenzene sulfonate, a surfactant, and a solvent; contacting the sludge with the paraffinic hydrocarbon isolation composition; and allowing the paraffinic hydrocarbon isolation composition to separate the sludge into a three phase separation comprising a paraffinic hydrocarbon layer, a water layer, and a layer of settled solids.

A process for removing metals and sulfur (S)-containing compounds in a crude oil material. The process comprises causing the crude oil material to react with a removing agent which comprises a phosphoric acid ester.