A process for the production of oligomerized olefins comprising the following steps: purification of an organic composition (OC1) in at least one adsorber to obtain an organic composition (OC2); oligomerization of organic composition (OC2) in the presence of a catalyst to obtain an organic composition (OC3); distillation of organic composition (OC3) in a distillation column (D1) to obtain an organic composition (OC4) from the upper part of (D1) and an organic composition (OC5) from the lower part of (D1); hydrogenation of organic composition (OC4) to obtain an organic composition (OC1 1) and regeneration of an adsorber (A1) employing organic composition (OC11) as regeneration media.

An emollient composition comprising at least one hydrocarbon fluid in an amount of 50 to 100% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition is provided. The fluid can be obtained by a process of catalytically hydrogenating a feed comprising more than 85% by weight of oligomerized olefins, at a temperature from 115 to 195° C. and at a pressure from 30 to 70 bars. A cosmetic, dermatological or pharmaceutical composition comprising the emollient composition and uses thereof are also provided.

A method is provided to transform biomass. Non-food biomass is preprocessed. Then, fermentation is processed to generate ethanol. Ethanol is dehydrated through a catalyst to generate ethylene. After the dehydration, oligomerization is processed with a catalyst to transform ethylene into olefins having 6˜20 carbon atoms (C.sub.6˜C.sub.20). The olefins are hydrotreated into alkanes. Thus, C.sub.6˜C.sub.20 hydrocarbons having long carbon chains are formed. The hydrocarbons having 6˜10 carbon atoms can be used as gasoline; those having 8˜16 carbon atoms, jet fuel; and those having 16˜20 carbon atoms, diesel. On generating ethanol, byproducts of lignin may be generated. The byproducts can be processed through depolymerization/deoxygenation to generate aromatic hydrocarbons or can be gasified to generate methanol or dimethyl ether. By further processing dehydration, aromatic hydrocarbons are generated to be mixed into gasoline, jet fuel or diesel. Or, the lignin byproducts are gasified to generate syngas.

A renewable biofuel based on a highly efficient batch catalysis methodology for conversion of 1-butene to a new class of potential jet fuel blends. By tuning the catalyst and then using the dimer produced, the carbon use is about 95% or greater. This latter point will be particularly important in the future, where the source of raw materials (i.e., biomass/biofeedstock) is limited.

An integrated process and apparatus for conversion of gas oil and heavy oil is described. The process includes passing a gas oil feed to a fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) zone to obtain a FCC effluent; separating the FCC effluent in a separation zone into at least two fractions comprising a clarified slurry oil fraction and an overhead fraction; passing the clarified slurry oil fraction to a slurry hydrocracking zone forming at least a naphtha stream; and recycling at least a portion of the slurry hydrocracking naphtha stream to the FCC zone.

Systems, processes, and catalysts are disclosed for obtaining fuels and fuel blends containing selected ratios of open-chain and closed-chain fuel-range hydrocarbons suitable for production of alternate fuels including gasolines, jet fuels, and diesel fuels. Fuel-range hydrocarbons may be derived from ethylene-containing feedstocks and ethanol-containing feedstocks.

Provided herein is a unique process that prepares a saturated hydrocarbon mixture with well-controlled structural characteristics that address the performance requirements driven by the stricter environmental and fuel economy regulations for automotive engine oils. The process allows for the branching characteristics of the hydrocarbon molecules to be controlled so as to consistently provide a composition that has a surprising CCS viscosity at −35° C. (ASTM D5329) and Noack volatility (ASTM D5800) relationship. The process comprises providing a specific olefinic feedstock, oligomerizing in the presence of a BF.sub.3 catalyst, and hydroisomerizing in the presence of a noble-metal impregnated, 10-member ring zeolite catalyst.

A method for making hydrogenated cyclooctatetraene dimers including cyclo-dimerizing butadiene to form 1,5-cyclooctadiene in the presence of at least one first catalyst, dehydrogenating 1,5-cyclooctadiene to 1,3,5,7-cyclooctatetraene, dimerizing 1,3,5,7-cyclooctatetraene to a C.sub.16 multicyclic hydrocarbon cyclooctatetraene dimer, and hydrogenating multicyclic hydrocarbon cyclooctatetraene dimer to form hydrogenated cyclooctatetraene dimers.

Disclosed is a process for the purification of an organic composition (OC1) by adsorption using an assembly containing at least two adsorbers. The organic composition (OC1) comprising at least one alkane, at least one olefin and at least one compound containing oxygen and/or sulphur is fed into a first adsorber (A1) of the assembly in order to obtain an organic composition (OC2) comprising at least one alkane, at least one olefin and a reduced amount of at least one compound containing oxygen and/or sulphur compared to the respective amount in organic composition (OC1). Hydrogenation of the organic composition (OC2) provides a stream (S2) comprising at least one alkane and a reduced amount of at least one olefin compared to the respective amount in organic composition (OC2) obtained after feeding into the first adsorber (A1). A second adsorber (A2) of the assembly is regenerated by contact with stream (S2).

Described herein is a base oil synthesis via ionic catalyst oligomerization further utilizing a hydrophobic process for removing an ionic catalyst from a reaction mixture with a silica gel composition, specifically a reaction mixture comprising an oligomerization reaction to produce PAO utilizing an ionic catalyst wherein the ionic catalyst is removed post reaction.