A treatment composition for remediating for remediating H.sub.2S and other contaminant(s) in contaminated liquids, comprising: 0.1-10.0 weight % collectively of at least one hydroxide compound; 0.01-3.0 weight % collectively of at least one organic acid selected from a group consisting of fulvic acid and humic acid; 0.01-10.0 wt % of a chelating agent; and at least 75% weight of water.

The present invention is related to the isomerization process in which a light naphtha stream comprising of paraffinic (mono and single branched), naphthenic and aromatic hydrocarbons in the range of C.sub.5-C.sub.7 is contacted with the solid catalyst in multiple reaction zones and in presence of hydrogen to produce high octane gasoline predominantly comprising of paraffins (single and di-branched) and naphthenes. The process scheme comprises of more than one isomerization reaction section operating at different temperatures and other operating conditions. The catalyst employed in these reaction sections is a high coordination sulfated mixed metal oxide catalyst which contains at least one noble metal and sulfated zirconia in addition to the other components. The process of the present invention also comprises more than one fractionation section and recycling of a particular stream to the reaction zone for improving the isomerization of light naphtha.

Methods for catalytic cracking hydrocarbon mixture have been disclosed. A hydrocarbon mixture having an initial boiling temperature of 30° C. to 70° C. is catalytically cracked in the presence of a catalyst to produce one or more olefins and/or one or more aromatics. The catalytic cracking is conducted such that the amount of coke formed on the catalyst is at least 5 wt. % (based on total weight of spent catalyst). The catalyst from the catalytic cracking step is then regenerated to produce regenerated catalyst.

A multi-stage process for reducing the Environmental Contaminants in a Feedstock Heavy Marine Fuel Oil that is compliant with ISO 8217: 2017 Table 2 as a residual marine fuel except for the concentration of Environmental Contaminants, the process involving a core hydrotreating process and either a pre-treating step or post-treating step to the core process that is selected from a) a sulfur absorption process unit; b) an oxidative desulfurizing process unit; and c) a microwave treatment process unit. The Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil is compliant with ISO 8217 Table 2 as residual marine fuel and preferably has a sulfur level has a maximum sulfur content (ISO 14596 or ISO 8754) between the range of 0.05% wt. to 0.5% wt. A commercial scale process plant for conducting the process is disclosed.

Copper sulfide of the formula Cu.sub.xS.sub.y, wherein x and y are integer or non-integer values, wherein (i) the copper sulfide has a sulfur 2p XPS spectrum with peaks at 162.3 eV (±1 ev), 163.8 eV (±1 ev) and 68.5 eV (±1 ev), characterised in that the peak at 168.5 eV has a lower value of counts per second (CPS) than both the peak at 162.3 eV and the peak at 163.8 eV; and (ii) the copper sulfide has a copper 2p XPS spectrum with peaks at 932.0 eV (±2 ev) and 933.6 eV (±3 eV) and characterised in that the XPS spectrum does not comprise identifiable satellite peaks at 939.8 eV and 943.1 eV (±3 eV).

A treatment process for remediating H.sub.2S and other contaminants in liquids includes: partially filling a closed vessel with a contaminated liquid containing ≥5 ppm H.sub.2S with a head space above the liquid within the vessel where gasses released from the liquid from the liquid collect; separately providing a treatment composition in the head space so that the gasses from the liquid may contact the treatment composition; and permitting the contact between the vapors from the liquid and the treatment composition to continue until a collective concentration of H.sub.2S in the liquid and in the head space is <5 ppm. The treatment composition includes an aqueous solution containing at least one hydroxide compound, a collective concentration of the at least one hydroxide compound in the aqueous solution is in a range of 35-55 weight %, and the aqueous solution constitutes at least 80 weight % of the treatment composition.

A method for preparing ethylene including: feeding a thermally cracked compressed stream to a first distillation apparatus selectively operating as a first deethanizer or a depropanizer; and feeding an overhead discharge stream of the first distillation apparatus to a second distillation apparatus. When the first distillation apparatus is operated as the first deethanizer, a bottom discharge stream of the second distillation apparatus is fed to a C2 separator. When the first distillation apparatus is operated as the depropanizer, the bottom discharge stream of the second distillation apparatus is passed through a third distillation apparatus and fed to the C2 separator.

A coalescence method and related system are disclosed herein. A multiphase dispersion feed comprising first and second liquids (i.e. where droplets of the first liquid (dispersed phase) are dispersed in the second liquid (continuous phase)) is passed through a static mechanical droplet-coalescer comprising a channel characterized by a plurality of in-series segments, each segment characterized by a segment-specific-characteristic obstacle size and having geometric features disclosed herein. In embodiments of the invention, the static mechanical droplet-coalescer promotes coalescence between droplets of first liquid to form larger droplets of first liquid. Subsequently, after the dispersion exits the coalescer, the larger droplets are easier to remove from the second liquid (continuous phase) than the smaller droplets that coalesced into the larger droplets.

The present invention concerns a method for processing a petrol containing sulfur and olefin compounds, comprising the following steps: a) a step of hydrodesulfurisation in the presence of a catalyst comprising an oxide support and an active phase comprising a metal from group VIB and a metal from group VIII, b) a step of separating the H.sub.2S formed, c) a step of hydrodesulfurisation at a higher temperature than that of step a), with a hydrogen/feedstock ratio less than that of step a), and in the presence of a hydrodesulfurisation catalyst comprising an oxide support and an active phase consisting of at least one metal from group VIII, d) a step of separating the H.sub.2S formed.

A method of producing liquid fuel and/or chemicals from a carbonaceous material entails combusting a conditioned syngas in pulse combustion heat exchangers of a steam reformer to help convert carbonaceous material into first reactor product gas which includes carbon monoxide, hydrogen, carbon dioxide and other gases. A portion of the first reactor product gas is transferred to a hydrogen reformer into which additional conditioned syngas is added and a reaction carried out to produce an improved syngas. The improved syngas is then subject to one or more gas clean-up steps to form a new conditioned syngas. A portion of the new conditioned syngas is recycled to be used as the conditioned syngas in the pulse combustion heat exchangers and in the hydrocarbon reformer. A system for carrying out the method include, a steam reformer, a hydrocarbon reformer, first and second gas-cleanup systems, a synthesis system and an upgrading system.