Use of an unleaded gasoline fuel composition for reducing the occurrence of Low Speed Pre-Ignition (LSPI) in a spark-ignition internal combustion engine, wherein the unleaded gasoline fuel composition comprises a gasoline base fuel and detergent additive package, wherein the detergent additive package comprises a Mannich base detergent mixture, wherein the mixture comprises a first Mannich base detergent component derived from a di- or polyamine and a second Mannich base detergent component derived from a monoamine, wherein the weight ratio of the first Mannich base detergent to the second Mannich base detergent mixture ranges from about 1:6 to about 3:1, and wherein the spark-ignition internal combustion engine is lubricated with a lubricant composition comprising from 1200 ppmw to 3000 ppmw of calcium, based on the total lubricant composition.

A fuel additive formulation, method of use, and method of producing the fuel additive formulation are described. The fuel additive of the present disclosure comprises a mixture of nitroparaffins comprising nitropropane and nitromethane, a lubricant, and an aromatic hydrocarbon. The fuel additive formulation is substantially free of nitroethane. The combustion in an internal combustion engine of a fuel containing the additive results in reduced emissions relative to the combustion of a fuel not containing the additive.

This present disclosure relates to biodiesel compositions comprising polymeric pour point depressants, and crystallization modifiers, to improve cold flow properties for biodiesel fuels.

Disclosed are paraffin inhibitors, paraffin suppressant compositions, and methods of making and using them. The paraffin inhibitors comprise polymers of a maleic moiety polymerized with at least two olefins having hydrocarbon chains of a different length from each other. When added to hydrocarbon media such as crude oils to form crude oil compositions, the paraffin inhibitors inhibit the precipitation of paraffin waxes in the crude oil compositions and exhibit reduced precipitation, gelling, and/or crystallization from the hydrocarbon media when the media are subjected to sustained low temperatures.

The present disclosure relates to methods and fuel compositions for reducing or eliminating fuel injector deposits in high pressure gasoline engines. The fuel compositions include gasoline and a synergistic combination of a fuel injector clean-up mixture including a heterocyclic amine, diamine, or open chain derivative thereof and a hydrocarbyl substituted dicarboxylic anhydride derivative selected from a diamide, acid/amide, acid/ester, diacid, amide/ester, diester, and imide.

This disclosure relates to winterized pour point depressant compositions for petroleum fluids. Such compositions exhibit stability and are flowable at temperatures down to as low as 47 C., without the need for further dilution.

The present invention relates to a hydrogen sulphide scavenging additive composition for scavenging hydrogen sulphide including sulfur containing compounds and mercaptans, particularly for scavenging hydrogen sulfide in hydrocarbons, wherein the additive composition comprises substantially reduced amount of nitrogen based hydrogen sulfide scavengers, and is also required in substantially reduced amount, and wherein the additive composition scavenges the sulfur containing compounds not only at room temperature, but also at higher temperatures, and comprises at least a combination of: (A) at least one nitrogen based hydrogen sulfide scavenger; and (B) at least one aliphatic tertiary amine, wherein the nitrogen based hydrogen sulfide scavenger comprises triazine based hydrogen sulfide scavenger. In one embodiment, it also relates to a method for scavenging hydrogen sulfide in hydrocarbons, and in another embodiment it relates to a method of using an additive composition of the present invention for scavenging hydrogen sulfide in hydrocarbons. In yet another embodiment, it relates to a composition comprising (i) a hydrocarbon and (ii) a hydrogen sulfide scavenging additive composition for scavenging hydrogen sulfide in hydrocarbons.

A liquid hydrocarbon marine fuel oil includes a marine distillate fuel or a heavy oil or a blend thereof containing an additive combination including: (A) a polyalkenyl-substituted carboxylic acid or anhydride, and (B) a metal hydrocarbyl-substituted hydroxybenzoate and/or sulfonate detergent, where the mass:mass ratio of (A) to (B) is in the range of 20:1 to 1:20 and the treat rate of the additive combination is in the range of 5 to 10000 ppm by mass.

The present invention relates to novel quaternized ammonium salts of hydrocarbyl epoxides, to the preparation thereof and to the use thereof as a fuel additive and lubricant additive, such as, more particularly, as a detergent additive; for reducing or preventing deposits in the injection systems of direct injection diesel engines, especially in common rail injection systems, for reducing the fuel consumption of direct injection diesel engines, especially of diesel engines with common rail injection systems, and for minimizing power loss in direct injection diesel engines, especially in diesel engines with common rail injection systems; and as an additive for gasoline fuels, especially for operation of DISI engines.

A fuel additive for fuel formulations comprising calcium sulfonates in an amount effective to limit or eliminate valve seat recession in engines utilizing such fuel formulations. The fuel additive may also include a detergent, particularly in an amount to enhance the VSR limiting effect of the calcium sulfonates. Also included are fuel formulations containing calcium sulfonates in a concentration effective to limit vale seat recession in engines utilizing the fuel formulations. Methods for treating VSR in piston engines are also provided.