Naphtha boiling range compositions are provided that can have improved combustion properties (relative to the research octane number of the composition) in spark ignition engines and/or compression ignition engines. The improved combustion properties can be achieved by controlling the total combined amounts of n-paraffins and isoparaffins that include a straight-chain propyl group (R.sub.1—CH.sub.2—CH.sub.2—CH.sub.2—R.sub.2). For such a straight-chain propyl group, R.sub.2 can correspond to any convenient C.sub.xH.sub.y group that can appear in a paraffin or isoparaffin. R.sub.1 can correspond to a hydrogen atom, making the straight-chain propyl group a terminal n-propyl group; or R.sub.1 can correspond to any convenient C.sub.xH.sub.y group that can appear in a paraffin or isoparaffin.

The testing of various chemicals has yielded new chemicals and chemical mixtures for the use of removing carbon deposits from the internal combustion engine. Some of these chemicals and chemical mixtures have proven to work better across many different carbon types than other chemicals that were tested. These chemical terpenes are typically produced from plants. One standard terpene mixture is known as turpentine. The chemical turpentine and chemicals found in turpentine have been determined, through our research and testing, to be extremely effective at removing the carbon that is produced within the internal combustion engine.

A low value aromatic fuel blending composition containing dissolved waste polystyrene materials having a caloric value comparable to the heavy aromatic compounds in which it is dissolved is disclosed, along with a process for its production from a mixture of heavy aromatic hydrocarbons recovered as the bottoms/reject streams from a variety of refinery aromatics recovery units.

A low value aromatic fuel blending composition containing dissolved waste polystyrene materials having a caloric value comparable to the heavy aromatic compounds in which it is dissolved is disclosed, along with a process for its production from a mixture of heavy aromatic hydrocarbons recovered as the bottoms/reject streams from a variety of refinery aromatics recovery units.

A multi-stage process for reducing the Environmental Contaminants in a Feedstock Heavy Marine Fuel Oil that is compliant with ISO 8217: 2017 Table 2 as a residual marine fuel except for the concentration of Environmental Contaminants, the process involving a core hydrotreating process and either a pre-treating step or post-treating step to the core process that is selected from a) a sulfur absorption process unit; b) an oxidative desulfurizing process unit; and c) a microwave treatment process unit. The Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil is compliant with ISO 8217 Table 2 as residual marine fuel and preferably has a sulfur level has a maximum sulfur content (ISO 14596 or ISO 8754) between the range of 0.05% wt. to 0.5% wt. A commercial scale process plant for conducting the process is disclosed.

Haloalkane sulfonic acids and salts thereof are provided. In embodiments, a haloalkane sulfonic acid or salt thereof comprises an alkyl group, at least one sulfonic acid group, and one or more halogens selected from Cl, Br, I, and F, the haloalkane sulfonic acid having a total number of carbon atoms of from 2 to 9, and wherein if at least one F atom is present, the haloalkane sulfonic acid comprises at least one other halogen selected from Cl, Br, and I. Methods of making and using the haloalkane sulfonic acids/salts are also provided.

This invention relates to cleaning the induction systems, the combustion chambers and exhaust systems of internal combustion engines. And, more particularly, to chemicals and mixtures of chemicals for removing the different types of carbon deposits encountered in internal combustion engines used in “road vehicles”. Carbon deposits were taken from the induction systems of these road vehicles for the purpose of bench testing such carbon and product development. More specifically, chemicals (i.e., solvents) and chemical mixes (i.e., solutions) have been accurately tested on such harvested carbon deposits for their ability to remove the various types of carbon deposits that accumulate within road vehicle internal combustion engines. Additionally this invention also relates to apparatus for delivering chemicals and chemical mixes. Which includes those developed by applicant, as well as those prior art products marketed for carbon removal, to the induction system of vehicles to maximize the effectiveness of the chemical delivery.

A multi-stage process for reducing the environmental contaminants in an ISO8217 compliant Feedstock Heavy Marine Fuel Oil involving a core desulfurizing process and a Detrimental Solids removal unit as either a pre-treating step or post-treating step to the core process. The Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil complies with ISO 8217 for residual marine fuel oils and has a sulfur level has a maximum sulfur content (ISO 14596 or ISO 8754) between the range of 0.05 mass % to 1.0 mass and a Detrimental Solids content less than 60 mg/kg. A process plant for conducting the process is also disclosed.

A multi-stage process for transforming a high sulfur ISO 8217 compliant Feedstock Heavy Marine Fuel Oil involving a core desulfurizing process that produces a Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil that can be used as a feedstock for subsequent refinery process such as anode grade coking, needle coking and fluid catalytic cracking. The Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil exhibits multiple properties desirable as a feedstock for those processes including a sulfur level has a maximum sulfur content (ISO 14596 or ISO 8754) between the range of 0.05 mass % to 1.0 mass. A process plant for conducting the process is also disclosed.

Provided herein are heat activated fuel detergents, liquid fuel compositions including such heat activated fuel detergents and methods for improving intake valve and injector cleanliness of an engine for a vehicle utilizing such liquid fuel composition.