An electrolyte as an additive for internal combustion engines for a production of hydrogen concentrations by a hydrogen generation device. A method of making the electrolyte includes weighing sodium borohydride, sodium hydroxide, and potassium hydride; adding the sodium hydroxide and the potassium hydride to deionized water to make a first composition; mixing the first composition; adding the sodium borohydride to the first composition to make a second composition; adding more deionized water to the second composition to make a basic electrolyte solution; diluting the basic electrolyte solution by adding more deionized water to make a third composition; and adding approximately 3 to 10 mL of sodium borohydride approximately 4.4008 M to the third composition to make an electrolyte having a final concentration sodium borohydride of approximately 0.05947 M.

A method and an industrial plant for separating a waste material comprises at least one metal and at least one organic material. A separated fraction of the waste material is provisioned which is isolated from the waste material in the course of a mechanical preparation operation. The separated fraction comprises briquettes produced from the waste material, and optionally a coarse fraction of the waste material or of another waste material. A reactor is charged with the separated fraction and gas containing oxygen is introduced into the reactor and the separated fraction is combusted in an incomplete combustion process. The separated fraction is melted into a liquid slag phase and into a liquid metal-containing phase. The slag phase and/or the metal-containing phase are poured off from the reactor.

A modified carbon material, including a carbonaceous material and a water-insoluble modifier combined with the carbonaceous material, wherein the water-insoluble modifier is CuO, the carbonaceous material is one of or a mixture of biomass carbon or carbon black, a mass of the water-insoluble modifier is being 0.1-10 wt % of the carbonaceous material. The method for preparing the modified carbon material includes: (1) soaking the carbonaceous material in a copper sulfate solution for 5 to 36 hours, and (2) adding an alkali solution into a solution obtained in step (1) to provide a pH value ≥12, and after keeping the pH value for 0.5 to 2 hours, filtering and drying to obtain a solid. (3) using the carbonaceous material as a combustion heat source to reduce the ignition temperature, increase or reduce the peak thermal power temperature.

Disclosed are a pulverized coal preprocessing method and a pulverized coal gasifying method. The pulverized coal preprocessing method comprises the following steps: (1) performing pore broadening on pulverized coal to obtain preprocessed pulverized coal; (2) loading alkali metal ions into the preprocessed pulverized coal under an ion exchange condition to obtain alkali metal loaded pulverized coal. The method further comprises loading a chrome complex into the alkali metal loaded pulverized coal obtained in described step (2). In gasification, the pulverized coal loaded with alkali metal potassium and chrome catalysts obtained by the method has the advantages of high sulphur removal rate, high carbon conversion rate, short gasifying reaction time and high methane production.

A method of dissolving a gas hydrate in a pipeline includes introducing a gas hydrate dissolving solution into the pipeline and allowing the gas hydrate dissolving solution to at least partially dissolve the gas hydrate in the pipeline. The gas hydrate dissolving solution includes a glycol, dimethylformamide, or both, and has a boiling point of greater than 80° C. A method of dissolving a gas hydrate in a pipeline may also include introducing a gas hydrate dissolving solution into the pipeline and allowing the gas hydrate dissolving solution to at least partially dissolve the gas hydrate in the pipeline. The gas hydrate dissolving solution includes comprises a glycol, dimethylformamide, cesium formate, potassium formate, or combinations thereof, and has a flash point of greater than 50° C.

The present invention relates to a combustion additive comprising a colloidal solution containing dispersed fine metal particles. The present invention also relates to a method for producing the colloid. More particularly the present teaching relates to a combustion additive having a colloid, wherein the colloid comprises metal particles providing in an alkaline aqueous solution, the metal particles being dispersed within that solution and having an average diameter in the range of 30 nm to 30 μm. The colloid can partly/fully substitute water of a water injection system or used as an air humidification component for combustion.

The present invention is directed to compounds represented by the formula: Formula (i) wherein R.sub.1 comprises a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 2 carbon atoms; wherein R.sub.2 comprises an alkylene group, an arylene group, or a heterocyclic group; and wherein M comprises a monovalent metallic cation such as sodium, lithium, or potassium; or a multivalent metallic cation such as zinc, nickel, iron, titanium, or cobalt; or an ammonium or alkyl ammonium cation derived by addition of proton (s) to a nitrogenous base.

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The present invention relates to the use of an olefin-carboxylic acid copolymer, wherein the copolymer comprises at least one free carboxylic acid side group, or of a nitrogen compound quaternized with epoxide in the presence of an olefin-carboxylic acid copolymer, wherein the copolymer comprises at least one free carboxylic acid side group, as a fuel additive or lubricant additive; to processes for preparing additives of this kind, and to fuels and lubricants additized therewith; such as, more particularly, as a detergent additive; for reduction or prevention of deposits in the injection systems of direct injection diesel engines, especially in common rail injection systems, for reduction of the fuel consumption of direct injection diesel engines, especially of diesel engines with common rail injection systems, and for minimization of power loss in direct injection diesel engines, especially in diesel engines with common rail injection systems; and as an additive for gasoline fuels, especially for operation of DISI engines.

A method for producing briquettes made of a waste material includes provisioning of at least one metal and at least one organic material. The waste material is mechanically prepared in a single or multiple stages and at least one first fraction of the waste material is separated. A briquette mixture containing the at least one first fraction is produced, wherein the at least one first fraction has a calorific value of 0 MJ/kg to 30 MJ/kg. A calorific value of the briquette mixture is adjusted by varying at least the first fraction. The briquette mixture is introduced into a briquetting device and pressed into briquettes. Briquettes with a calorific value of 5 MJ/kg to 30 MJ/kg and with a maximum copper content of 0.1 wt % to 20 wt % are produced.

A method of dissolving a gas hydrate in a pipeline includes introducing a gas hydrate dissolving solution into the pipeline and allowing the gas hydrate dissolving solution to at least partially dissolve the gas hydrate in the pipeline. The gas hydrate dissolving solution includes a glycol, dimethylformamide, or both, and has a boiling point of greater than 80° C. A method of dissolving a gas hydrate in a pipeline may also include introducing a gas hydrate dissolving solution into the pipeline and allowing the gas hydrate dissolving solution to at least partially dissolve the gas hydrate in the pipeline. The gas hydrate dissolving solution includes comprises a glycol, dimethylformamide, cesium formate, potassium formate, or combinations thereof, and has a flash point of greater than 50° C.