Compositions are provided that include at least a portion of an isoparaffinic blend component, an iso-olefinic blend component, or a combination thereof, along with a method for making such a blend component. The highly isoparaffinic and/or iso-olefinic nature of the blend component can allow a blend component to be used in combination with both conventional/mineral fractions as well as non-traditional feeds to form fuel fractions and/or fuel blending component fractions. Examples of fuels that can be formed by making a blend that includes an isoparaffinic and/or iso-olefinic blend component include diesel fuels, marine gas oils, and various types of marine fuel oils, such as very low sulfur fuel oils.

Compositions are provided that include at least a portion of an isoparaffinic blend component, an iso-olefinic blend component, or a combination thereof, along with a method for making such a blend component. The highly isoparaffinic and/or iso-olefinic nature of the blend component can allow a blend component to be used in combination with both conventional/mineral fractions as well as non-traditional feeds to form fuel fractions and/or fuel blending component fractions. Examples of fuels that can be formed by making a blend that includes an isoparaffinic and/or iso-olefinic blend component include diesel fuels, marine gas oils, and various types of marine fuel oils, such as very low sulfur fuel oils.

A fire starter includes a casing made from a first material a first material having a first time associated therewith that defines a length of time that the casing burns after being ignited. A second material disposed in the casing has a second time associated therewith that defines a length of time that the second material burns after being ignited. An igniter, disposed in the casing and adjacent to the second material, generates a first thermal event to ignite the second material wherein the second material combusts to define a second thermal event that ignites the first material. An actuator is coupled to the igniter and is positioned outside of the casing for activating the igniter to generate the first thermal event.

A fire starter kit that includes a frame, a scratcher, a sparking road, and at least one fuel reservoir. The frame is having a first end, a second end, a middle region, a recess provided on the middle region, and a first slot provided along the first end, the second end and partially through the middle region. The scratcher removably mounted in the recess, wherein the scratcher is having at least one blade provided with a plurality of tooths. The sparking rod is removably mounted within the first slot, wherein the sparking rod is configured to produce sparks when scratched with the scratcher.

Low sulphur marine fuel compositions are provided. Embodiments comprise greater than 50 to 90 wt % of a residual hydrocarbon component comprising at least one of an atmospheric tower bottoms (ATB) residue and a vacuum tower bottoms residues (VTB), wherein the residual hydrocarbon component has a kinematic viscosity at 50 degrees C. of at least 100 cSt; and at least 10 and up to 50 wt % of a non-hydroprocessed hydrocarbon component comprising deasphalted oil (DAO), where the marine fuel composition has a kinematic viscosity at 50 degrees C. of at least 10 cSt. Embodiments of the marine fuel composition can have a sulphur content of about 0.1 wt % or less.

This invention provides an aviation fuel composition comprising: a cycloparaffinic kerosene generated from hydropyrolysis and hydroconversion of a solid biomass containing lignocellulose, wherein the cycloparaffinic kerosene comprises at least 90 vol % cycloparaffins and less than 1 vol % aromatics; a paraffinic-based kerosene comprising normal and iso-paraffins in an amount of greater than 95%; and optionally, a petroleum-derived kerosene. The aviation fuel composition of the present invention provides an environmentally-friendly fuel while providing improved lubricity and low temperature viscosity properties.

A method of generating an alternative fuel, the method including providing at least one petroleum impacted material, identifying and classifying the at least one petroleum impacted material, wherein the at least one petroleum impacted material is classified as acceptable or unacceptable, optionally, rejecting any of the at least one petroleum material classified as unacceptable, handling any of the at least one acceptable petroleum impacted material, wherein handling includes dispersing the at least one acceptable petroleum impacted material in an aging container, and aging the at least one acceptable petroleum impacted material until a predetermined flashpoint value is obtained to thereby provide an aged petroleum impacted material as the alternative fuel.

Spent potlining material contains spent potliner from aluminium electrolysis cells, and at least one hydrophobic binder. The hydrophobic binder being selected from wax, a waxlike compound or mixtures thereof. A method for producing a spent potlining material includes the steps of (a) providing spent potliner from aluminium electrolysis cells, (b) comminuting the spent potliner in at least one comminuting apparatus, (c) fractionating the spent potliner through a separating apparatus, (d) mixing the spent potliner with at least one hydrophobic binder, selected from wax, a waxlike compound or mixtures thereof, in a mixing apparatus, (e) portioning the mixture obtained in step (d), (f) withdrawing the spent potlining material The steps (b) to (d) are carried out in an inert gas atmosphere. Also, spent potlining material is used as fuel in power stations and also in connection with the production of mineral wool, cement and steel.

Herein is disclosed a gasoline fuel component including predominantly C4-C9 n-paraffins, C4-C9 mono-branched i-paraffins and C4-C9 multiple-branched i-paraffins. In the gasoline fuel component, a weight ratio of at least certain i-paraffins to certain n-paraffins is higher than in prior art gasoline components. The present gasoline fuel component can provide improved blendability, octane ratings and combustion properties.

Processes for producing fuels from light olefins having increased yield are described. The processes include concentrating a crude olefin stream to produce a concentrated crude olefin stream; fractionating the concentrated crude olefin stream to produce an olefin stream and a waste gas stream, oligomerizing the olefin to produce an oligomerization effluent stream, fractionating the oligomerization effluent stream into a fractionated oligomerized stream comprising C.sub.9+ olefins, a recycle olefin stream, and an unsaturated light gas stream, recycling at least a portion of the unsaturated light gas stream to the olefin concentration zone or the olefin fractionation zone, and fractionating the fractionated oligomerized stream to produce at least one fuel stream.