Lubricity additives for hydrocarbon fuels are provided according to formula I:

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wherein n is 1 or 0; each Q is independently selected from oxygen and sulfur; each R is independently selected from C8-C60 alkenyl groups which are substituted or unsubstituted; and L is a linking group comprising 0-20 carbons which may be substituted or unsubstituted and may optionally comprise catenary heteroatoms. Fuel mixtures comprising a hydrocarbon fuel; and a lubricity additive according to the present disclosure are also provided. Methods of making lubricity additives comprise reacting an alkenyl succinic anhydrides (ASA's) with certain bisamides or bisthioamides.

This disclosure describes processes for using a single cellulosic feedstock or a combination of two or more different cellulosic feedstocks with a starch component to produce a fermented product. The process includes separating the components of the cellulosic feedstocks with fractionation, pretreating a component with wet fractionation with chemicals, hydrolysis and fermenta-tion of the pretreated feedstock(s) to produce cellulosic biofuel. The process may include combining the cellulosic feedstock(s) with other components to a cook and/or a fermentation process, distilling and dehydrating the combined components to produce the biofuel. The process may also include producing a whole stillage stream from the feedstock(s) and mechanically processing the whole stillage stream to produce a high-value protein animal feed.

The present invention relates to the field of gasoline and gasoline compositions or blends. More specifically the invention relates to a novel fuel or gasoline composition with synergistic effects and use thereof, and in particular a synergistic effect with respect to the octane rating/octane number.

A method for combined production of renewable paraffinic products is disclosed, wherein the method includes providing a renewable paraffinic feed, and fractionating the renewable paraffinic feed into two fractions. Within the two fractions, a lighter fraction fulfils a specification for an aviation fuel component, and a heavier fraction fulfils a specification for an electrotechnical fluid component.

Process for producing biomethane from a biogas stream including methane, carbon dioxide and at least one impurity chosen from ammonia, volatile organic compounds, water, sulfur-based impurities (H.sub.2S) and siloxanes. A biogas stream is dried, the at least one impurity is at least partially removed by solidification and removal of the impurity. The methane and the carbon dioxide contained in the biogas obtained from the second step are separated so as to produce a biomethane stream and a CO.sub.2 stream.

A method for processing feedstock is described, characterized in that incoming feedstock is processed to selectively recover biogenic carbon material from the incoming feedstock. In some embodiments the incoming feedstock is comprised of mixed solid waste, such as municipal solid waste (MSW). In other embodiments the incoming feedstock is comprised of woody biomass. In some instances, the incoming feedstock is processed to selectively recover biogenic carbon material from the incoming feedstock to produce a processed feedstock having biogenic carbon content of 50% and greater suitable for conversion into biogenic carbon Fischer Tropsch liquids. The high biogenic carbon Fischer Tropsch liquids may be upgraded to biogenic carbon liquid fuels. Alternatively, the incoming feedstock is processed to selectively recover plastic material from the incoming feedstock to produce a processed feedstock having biogenic carbon content of 50% or less.

The object of the present invention is a fuel composition comprising: (i) from 50 to 79% by mass of a mixture of hydrocarbons comprising: a) from 35 to 55% by mass of aromatic compounds; b) from 30 to 50% by mass of non-cyclic paraffins containing at least 5 carbon atoms; and c) from 5 to 15% by mass of naphthenes; (ii) from 20 to 40% by mass of one or more ethers; and (iii) from 1 to 10% by mass of butane.

This composition is useful for supplying a controlled-ignition engine, in automobile vehicles intended for general-public applications or for competition.

A plastic recycling system and method thereof is provided, wherein one or more plastic products are contained in a reaction unit and heated by an electric heating unit which converts electrical energy into thermal energy. The one or more plastic products in the reaction unit are decomposed to produce one or more decomposed product in gas phase through a decomposition reaction, such as pyrolysis reaction, to form one or more gaseous fuel products which are condensed into one or more liquid phase fuel products by a condensation unit.

Generally, this process relates to use of cannabis/Marijuana plant waste that would otherwise be disposed of by methods that create methane.

Presently most States require Producers to mix their cannabis plant waste with a biomass creating a nonhazardous solid waste that must be disposed of at landfills or composting facilities. However, most States also allow Beneficial Use Permits (WAC 173-350-200) to divert the nonhazardous waste to a process that has an environmentally positive affect.

I believe that my new method is the best suited to fulfill that environmental need and transform the cannabis waste compositions into a commercially useful product.

For cooking fuel sustainable harvest or wood industry waste hardwood is the preferred base material to mix with the cannabis plant waste. However, any other variety of suitable biomass or organic materials may also be used if readily available.

Heterocyclic amines (HCAs) are formed when meat is charred at a high temperature and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are created from meat fats dripping onto an open fire. Smoking at low temperatures over a long period of time means that HCAs are not a problem since charring does not occur. Also smoking food is a healthier option because PAHs are barely a worry, and the same chemicals add a pleasant smell to the food when cooked.

Furthermore, different embodiments of my process can impart different types of smoked flavors depending on the base biomass mixed with the cannabis plant waste. Thus, carbon neutral when burned, fuel pellets can provide a wide range of smoked flavors to food to satisfy a variety of personal taste preferences.

For animal feed cannabis plant waste can be processed with other agro-industrial by-products such as sugar cane husks. Mixed with biomass proteins, minerals, and nutrients (vitamins) to create healthy animal feed.

The pellet mill process uses pressure to generate heat to make the feedstuffs into a more digestible form by breaking down the starches. The process puts the feed in a concentrated form and minimizes waste during the eating.

Compared with unprocessed grains, animal feed pellets are uniform and easily digested especially for foals, weanlings, and older animals.

Sending the solid waste to landfill and composting facilities creates methane from anaerobic fermentation. My process prevents anaerobic fermentation.

The reduction of one ton of methane is equivalent to 25 tons of carbon dioxide. Therefore, for every ton of methane reduced, 25 commercial valuable Carbon Credits can be issued.

The Producers as a result could receive trad

The present invention relates to processes for producing industrial products such as hydrocarbon products from non-polar lipids in a vegetative plant part. Preferred industrial products include alkyl esters which may be blended with petroleum based fuels.