A product resulting from the reaction of at least: a hydroxybenzoic acid, optionally substituted by a hydrocarbyl group, or an alkali and/or alkaline earth metal salt thereof, a boron compound, a polyalkylamine component selected from triamine and tetramine compounds. Also, a lubricant composition including this product. Use of this product as a lubricant for two-stroke marine engines and four-stroke marine engines, more preferably two-stroke marine engines.

The invention is directed to a zinc-free lubricating composition for an internal combustion engine containing a phosphorus anti-wear agent, an ashless antioxidant, and a metal-free basic detergent. The lubricating composition provides wear protection, deposit control, and improved acid control with reduced levels of metal-containing additives.

A method for utilizing a lubricating oil composition in which the content of a metal-based cleaning agent (X) having a base value of 100 mgKOH/g or less is 630 mass ppm or less in terms of metal atoms, and the content of sulfated ash is 1.5 mass % or less. The method includes measuring at least one physical property value among the capacitance and the dielectric constant of the lubricating oil composition while using the lubricating oil composition, and evaluating the progress of degradation of the lubricating oil composition.

The present disclosure describes lubricant compositions effective to minimize average engine sludge through selection of lubricant additives that control the total nitrogen as well as the origin of the nitrogen in the lubricant composition. In aspects, the lubricant compositions herein include at least a base oil of lubricating viscosity, a dispersant system, and at least one antioxidant.

A mixed composition including a refrigerant including at least one unsaturated fluorinated hydrocarbon compound selected from the compound having a formula C.sub.xF.sub.yH.sub.z, x is an integer of 2 to 6, y is an integer of 1 to 11, z is an integer of 1 to 11, and the compound has at least one unsaturated carbon-carbon bond, and a refrigerator oil including a base oil (A); a phosphorus-based extreme pressure agent (B); a decomposition inhibitor (C) that inhibits the decomposition of the unsaturated fluorinated hydrocarbon in the presence of an iron; and an antioxidant (D), wherein (C) controls the amount of fluorine in the refrigerator oil composition at 30 ppm by mass or less after mixing the refrigerator oil with R1234yf at a mass ratio of 1:1, and subjecting the mixture to an autoclave test at 175° C. for 336 hours with a metal catalyst including iron, copper, and aluminum.

A lubricating oil composition may include a base oil (A), succinimide (B) which has not been modified with boron, succinimide (C) modified with boron, a metallic detergent (D), and an antioxidant (E), wherein the ratio of the content of boron atoms derived from ingredient (C) to the content of nitrogen atoms derived from ingredients (B) and (C), B/N, is 0.30 or less by mass, the lubricating oil composition satisfying requirement (I) and/or requirement (II). Requirement (I): Ingredient (D) includes a metallic detergent (D1) having a base value less than 100 mgKOH/g. Requirement (II): Ingredient (E) includes an amine-based antioxidant (E1), the content of ingredient (E1) being 1.00 mass % or less.

An additive composition for limiting the chemical degradation of hydrocarbonaceous liquids due to nitrogen dioxide contamination at elevated temperature comprises the combination of an ionic liquid composed of a cation and a boron- and halogen-free, multi-functional anion and a detergent additive, the combination of ionic liquid and detergent serving to inhibit the nitration of hydrocarbonaceous liquid components that initiates degradation.

A method of reducing the incidence of deposits on the pistons of a 4-stroke marine diesel engine during operation of the engine when it is fuelled with a marine residual fuel meeting the ISO 8217 2017 fuel standard for marine residual fuels and having a sulphur content of more than 0.1% and less than 0.5% by mass. The method includes the step of lubricating the engine using a lubricating oil composition comprising: a) at least 50% by mass, based on the mass of the composition, of an oil of lubricating viscosity; (b) 5 to 25% by mass, based on the mass of the composition, of an oil-soluble or oil-dispersible alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salicylate detergent, or a mixture of two or more oil-soluble or oil-dispersible alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salicylate detergents; (c) 0.1 to 10% by mass, based on the mass of the composition of one or more oil-soluble or oil-dispersible ashless dispersants; and optionally, (d) 0.1 to 10% by mass, based on the mass of the composition of a polyalkylene-substituted succinic anhydride.

A method of reducing the incidence of deposits on the pistons of a 4-stroke marine diesel engine during operation of the engine when it is fuelled with a marine residual fuel meeting the ISO 8217 2017 fuel standard for marine residual fuels and having a sulphur content of more than 0.1% and less than 0.5% by mass. The method includes the step of lubricating the engine using a lubricating oil composition comprising: a) at least 50% by mass, based on the mass of the composition, of an oil of lubricating viscosity; (b) 5 to 25% by mass, based on the mass of the composition, of an oil-soluble or oil-dispersible alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salicylate detergent, or a mixture of two or more oil-soluble or oil-dispersible alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salicylate detergents; (c) 0.1 to 10% by mass, based on the mass of the composition of one or more oil-soluble or oil-dispersible ashless dispersants; and optionally, (d) 0.1 to 10% by mass, based on the mass of the composition of a polyalkylene-substituted succinic anhydride.

A lubricating oil detergent composition comprises an overbased calcium sulfonate and a low ash detergent, which low ash detergent is metal free and comprises the reaction product of an acidic organic compound such as an alkylated salicylic acid, a boron compound and an amine component.