A method of lubricating at least a portion of a powertrain in a vehicle with an electric motor with a functional fluid composition containing greater than 50 wt % of a base oil; and an additive composition prepared by mixing: a) a hydrocarbyl acid phosphate of the formula (I) to provide at least 50 ppmw phosphorus to the functional fluid composition; ##STR00001##
wherein R is a C.sub.1-C.sub.6 hydrocarbyl group and R.sub.1 is selected from hydrogen and a C.sub.1-C.sub.6 hydrocarbyl group; b) an amount of one or more calcium-containing detergent(s) sufficient to provide at least 25 ppmw calcium to the functional fluid composition; and c) one or more nitrogen containing dispersants in an amount sufficient to provide greater than 20 ppmw of nitrogen to the functional fluid composition, all based on the total weight of the functional fluid composition. Functional fluid compositions containing the above-mentioned components and lubricating methods are also disclosed herein.

A method of preventing or reducing the occurrence of Low Speed Pre-Ignition (LSPI) in a direct-injected, boosted, spark-ignited internal combustion engine that, in operation, generates a break mean effective pressure level of greater than about 15 bar, at an engine speed of from about 1500 to about 2500 rotations per minute (rpm), in which the crankcase of the engine is lubricated with a lubricating oil composition containing at least about 0.2 mass % of magnesium sulfated ash.

A grease composition containing a urea compound as a thickener, a base oil, an alkaline earth metal salicylate and/or an alkaline earth metal phenate as a first additive constituent, a metal soap, being a stearic acid metal salt, as a second additive constituent, and a calcium sulphonate and/or a zinc naphthenate as a third additive constituent.

The present invention relates to a grease composition and a method of improving the adhesivity of a grease composition, the grease composition including (i) at least one base oil, (ii) at least one calcium sulfonate soap, and (iii) at least one dicarboxylic acid ester copolymer including constituent units derived from (a) at least one-α-olefin and (b) at least one ester formed by esterification of an α-β-ethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic acid or a derivative thereof with an alcohol, the molar ratio of (a)/(b) ranging from 0.5 and to 4.

A product resulting from the reaction of at least: a hydroxybenzoic acid, optionally substituted by a hydrocarbyl group, a boron compound, an amine component selected from a di-fatty-alkyl(ene) polyalkylamine composition including one or more polyalkylamines of formulae (I) or (II). A lubricant composition includes this product. Use of this product as a lubricant for two-stroke marine engines and four-stroke marine engines, more preferably two-stroke marine engines.

A product resulting from the reaction of at least: a hydroxybenzoic acid, optionally substituted by a hydrocarbyl group, a boron compound, an amine component selected from a di-fatty-alkyl(ene) polyalkylamine composition including one or more polyalkylamines of formulae (I) or (II). A lubricant composition includes this product. Use of this product as a lubricant for two-stroke marine engines and four-stroke marine engines, more preferably two-stroke marine engines.

The composition according to the present embodiment is a composition for forming a lubricant coating layer on a threaded connection for pipes or tubes, and contains Cr.sub.2O.sub.3, a metal soap, a wax and a basic metal salt of an aromatic organic acid. The threaded connection for pipes or tubes according to the present embodiment includes a pin and a box. The pin and the box each include a contact surface including a threaded portion. The threaded connection for pipes or tubes includes, as an outermost layer, a lubricant coating layer formed from the aforementioned composition on at least one of the contact surfaces of the pin and the box.

A lubricating oil composition is provided, which can reduce friction even when the viscosity is lowered. A lubricating oil composition comprising a lubricating base oil, (A) a cleaning agent containing magnesium, and (B) a zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate, wherein the amount of component (A) is 200 to 1200 ppm by weight of magnesium per total weight of lubricating oil composition; the amount of component (B) is 300 to 1000 ppm by weight phosphorus based on total weight of lubricating oil composition; wherein component (B) comprises (B-1) a zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate having a primary alkyl group, and the proportion of the weight of component (B-1) to the total weight of component (B) is 30 weight % or more; and the concentration of boron [B] is less than 100 ppm by weight.

A product resulting from the reaction of at least: a hydroxybenzoic acid substituted by a hydrocarbyl group, a boron compound, and a quaternary ammonium salt. A lubricant composition including this product. Use of this product as a lubricant for two-stroke marine engines and four-stroke marine engines, more preferably two-stroke marine engines.

The invention is directed to a zinc-free lubricating composition for an internal combustion engine containing a phosphorus anti-wear agent, an ashless antioxidant, and a metal-free basic detergent. The lubricating composition provides wear protection, deposit control, and improved acid control with reduced levels of metal-containing additives.