A lubricant base oil composed of an ester. The ester includes a component (A) derived from trimethylolpropane in a molar percentage A.sub.mol % of 25 to 42 mol %; components (B) derived from monovalent straight-chain saturated fatty acids each having a carbon number of 8 to 12 in a molar percentage B.sub.mol % of 33 to 55 mol %: and a component (C) derived from adipic acid in a molar ratio C.sub.mol % of 12 to 34 mol %. The components (B) include lauric acid in a molar percentage of 5 to 50 mol %, and (B.sub.COOH+C.sub.COOH)/A.sub.OH is 0.90 to 1.02. A.sub.OH represents a hydroxyl equivalent of the component (A), B.sub.COOH represents a carboxyl group equivalent of the components (B); and C.sub.COOH represents a carboxyl group equivalent of the component (C).

A lubricant base oil which contains an ester. The ester constituting the lubricant base oil includes: a component (A) derived from pentaerythritol in a molar percentage A.sub.mol % of 20 to 30 mol %; a component (B) derived from a straight-chain fatty acid having a carbon number of 14 to 22 in a molar percentage B.sub.mol % of 55 to 79 mol %; and a component (C) derived from adipic acid in a molar percentage C.sub.mol % of 1 to 15 mol %. A molar ratio (C.sub.mol/C.sub.mol) of the component (C) derived from adipic acid and the component (B) derived from the straight-chain fatty acid having a carbon number of 14 to 22 is 0.02 to 0.25, and the ester has a hydroxyl value of 10 to 100 mgKOH/g.

The invention relates to novel ester compounds of the general formula (I)

##STR00001##

to a process for preparation thereof and to the use thereof. These ester compounds may contain a mixture of at least two compounds of the general formula (I).

Ester compounds, such as for use in a lubricant, are based on di-, tri- or higher functional carboxylic acids according to formula (I)

##STR00001##

Levulinic-capped estolides having improved physical properties that make them more desirable and suitable as bio-based industrial or commercial products are disclosed. The physical properties of the disclosed estolide compositions have surprisingly low pour points that are substantially lower than previously known estolide compounds and superior to petroleum-based compounds designed for similar applications.

A lubricant for a gun or other metal devices, including a composition and method of treating a gun to maintain optimum operative condition. The lubricant serves many purposes, beyond simply allowing parts to move with less resistance. In addition to reducing friction between moving parts of the gun, the gun oil of the present disclosure disperses to coat the metal parts of the gun thoroughly and evenly, remains moist for an extended period of time, and when dry, forms a thick layer that protects the metal components of the gun from wear and rust. The lubricant includes a 4-cycle synthetic motor oil, an oil stabilizer, and a 2-cycle motor oil.

The present disclosure relates to methods and compositions for making bio-based, biodegradable, and non-bioaccumulating lubricating base oils generated by esterifying alkoxylated polyols (average alkoxylation 3) with long-chain (C14) saturated and unsaturated fatty acids (FA) or fatty acids modified using industry recognized techniques.

To provide a composition for a heat cycle system having favorable lubricating properties and comprising a working fluid for heat cycle which has a low global warming potential and which can replace R410A and a heat cycle system employing the composition. A composition for a heat cycle system comprising a working fluid for heat cycle containing trifluoroethylene, and a refrigerant oil (for example, an ester refrigerant oil, an ether refrigerant oil, a polyglycol refrigerant oil or a hydrocarbon refrigerant oil), and a heat cycle system employing the composition for a heat cycle system.

Provided herein are compositions comprising at least one estolide compound of formula:

##STR00001##

in which n is an integer equal to or greater than 0; m is an integer equal to or greater than 1; R.sub.1, independently for each occurrence, is selected from optionally substituted alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched; R.sub.2 is selected from hydrogen and optionally substituted alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched; and R.sub.3 and R.sub.4, independently for each occurrence, are selected from optionally substituted alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched. Also provided are uses of the compositions described herein.

A lubricant base oil which contains an ester. The ester constituting the lubricant base oil includes: a component (A) derived from pentaerythritol in a molar percentage A.sub.mol % of 20 to 30 mol %; a component (B) derived from a straight-chain fatty acid having a carbon number of 14 to 22 in a molar percentage B.sub.mol % of 55 to 79 mol %; and a component (C) derived from adipic acid in a molar percentage C.sub.mol % of 1 to 15 mol %. A molar ratio (C.sub.mol/C.sub.mol) of the component (C) derived from adipic acid and the component (B) derived from the straight-chain fatty acid having a carbon number of 14 to 22 is 0.02 to 0.25, and the ester has a hydroxyl value of 10 to 100 mgKOH/g.