The serotonin receptor 5HT2A (5HT2aR) and membrane NADPH oxidases (NOX enzymes) are found to be a target of autoantibodies present in Multiple Sclerosis patients. The present invention refers to peptides comprised in the extracellular regions of the human 5HT2aR and/or NOXs for diagnosis and therapy of Multiple Sclerosis.

Compositions, methods, and systems for modifying sterol metabolism in a subject is disclosed. In some embodiments, the subjects may be administered one or more mammalian cells modified to express at least one sterol degrading enzyme derived from a bacterium. In many embodiments, the cell is a macrophage or monocyte stably expressing three or more enzymes that aid in opening the β ring of cholesterol. The disclosed compositions and methods may be useful in lowering cholesterol levels in a subject in need thereof. In some embodiments, the subject may have a genetic predisposition to atherosclerosis.

Related are a recombinant microorganism for producing L-valine, a construction method and an application thereof. Through transferring an amino acid dehydrogenase gene and/or activating activity of a transhydrogenase and/or a NAD kinase, reducing power of NADPH in cell is increased, the titer and yield of L-valine generated by Escherichia coli are improved, and the production of L-valine by one-step anaerobic fermentation is achieved.

Related are a recombinant microorganism for producing L-valine, a construction method and an application thereof. Through transferring an acetohydroxy acid reductoisomerase gene and/or an amino acid dehydrogenase gene into a microorganism, and enhancing activity of an acetohydroxy acid reductoisomerase and/or an amino acid dehydrogenase, the titer and yield of L-valine generated by Escherichia coli may be improved, and L-valine was produced by one-step anaerobic fermentation.

Among other things, the present disclosure provides biosynthesis polypeptides, methods, and non-naturally occurring microbial organisms for preparing various compounds such as 1,5-pentanediol, adipic acid, 1,6-hexanediol, 6-hydroxy hexanoic acid, and 2-keto carboxylic acids.

The present invention relates to peptides, nucleic acids and cells for use in immunotherapeutic methods. In particular, the present invention relates to the immunotherapy of cancer. The present invention furthermore relates to tumor-associated cytotoxic T cell (CTL) peptide epitopes, alone or in combination with other tumor-associated peptides that serve as active pharmaceutical ingredients of vaccine compositions that stimulate anti-tumor immune responses. The present invention relates to 11 novel peptide sequences and their variants derived from HLA class I and class II molecules of human tumor cells that can be used in vaccine compositions for eliciting anti-tumor immune responses.

Yeast cells having a reductive TCA pathway from pyruvate or phosphoenolpyruvate to succinate, and which include at least one exogenous gene overexpressing an enzyme in that pathway, further contain an exogenous transhydrogenase gene.

Provided herein are biocatalysts and systems thereof for pterin-dependent enzymes and pathways and methods of making and using the same. Provided herein in some embodiments are biocatalysts having a pterin source and a pterin-dependent enzymatic pathway biologically coupled to the pterin source. Tetrahydrobiopterin (referred to herein as BH4 or BH 4) can be the pterin source. The BH4 can be synthesized by a tetrahydrobiopterin synthesis pathway. The tetrahydrobiopterin synthesis pathway can include a GTP cyclohydrase; a pyruvoyl tetrahydropterin synthase; a sepiapterin reductase, and/or any combination thereof. The biocatalyst can further contain a pterin-dependent enzymatic pathway. The pterin-dependent enzymatic pathway can be amino acid mono-oxygenase, phenylalanine hydroxylase, tryptophan hydroxylase, tyrosine hydroxylase, nitric oxide synthase, alkylglycerol monooxygenase, and/or any combination thereof.

Disclosed are stable peptides that have renalase agonist activity and are useful for treating diseases such as AKI and AP, including those relating to SARS-CoV-2

The present disclosure relates to a multi-enzyme conjugate, a method for preparing the same and a method for preparing an organic compound using the same. More particularly, a multi-enzyme conjugate exhibiting improved catalytic efficiency over respective free enzymes using site-specific incorporation of a clickable non-natural amino acid into the enzymes and two compatible click reactions, a method for preparing the same and a method for preparing an organic compound using the same may be provided.