The present invention relates to a recombinant microorganism which is capable of simultaneously fermenting at least two sugars in a lignocellulosic saccharified liquid, and also capable of generating diol.

Aspects of the disclosure relate to plants containing one or more of a mutant sler (Solyc08g061560) gene or a homolog thereof, a mutant sp5g (Solyc05g053850) gene or a homolog thereof and a mutant sp (Solyc06g074350) gene or a homolog thereof, as well as methods of producing such plants. In some aspects, such plants have one or more improved traits, such as modified stem length and modified time for flowering and fruit production.

The present invention is in the technical field of synthetic biology and metabolic engineering. More particularly, the present invention is in the technical field of fermentation of metabolically engineered microorganisms. The present invention describes engineered microorganisms able to synthesize sialylated compounds via an intracellular biosynthesis route. These microorganisms can dephosphorylate N-acetylglucosamine-6-phosphate to N-acetylglucosamine and convert the N-acetylglucosamine to N-acetylmannosamine. These microorganisms also have the ability to convert N-acetylmannosamine to N-acetyl-neuraminate. Furthermore, the present invention provides a method for the large scale in vivo synthesis of sialylated compounds, by culturing a microorganism in a culture medium, optionally comprising an exogenous precursor such as, but not limited to lactose, lactoNbiose, N-acetyllactosamine and/or an aglycon, wherein said microorganism intracellularly dephosphorylates N-acetylglucosamine-6-phosphate to N-acetylglucosamine, converts N-acetylglucosamine to N-acetylmannosamine and convert the latter further to N-acetyl-neuraminate.

The present disclosure provides microbial organisms having increased availability of co-factors, such as NADPH, for increasing production of various products, including 1,3-BDO, MMA, (3R)-hydroxybutyl (3R)-hydroxybutyrate, amino acids, 3HB-CoA, adipate, caprolactam, 6-ACA, HMD A, or MAA, and products made from any of these. Also provided are one or more exogenous nucleic acids encoding an enzyme expressed in a sufficient amount to increase availability of NADPH, where the exogenous nucleic acid includes one or more of ATP-NADH kinase, pntAB, nadK, and gapN. Also provided are one or more gene attenuations occurring in genes, such as NDH-2, that result in an increased ratio of NADPH to NADH. Various combinations of the exogenous nucleic acids and gene deletions are also provided in the present disclosure. The present disclosure also provides methods of making and using the same, including methods for culturing cells, and for the production of the various products.

The present invention relates to peptides for the treatment or prevention of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL), non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), hepatic steatosis (fatty liver), liver inflammation, cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma or fibrosis, especially liver fibrosis.

Provided herein are methods, compositions, and non-naturally occurring microbial organism for preparing compounds such as α-butanol, butyric acid, succinic acid, 1,4-butanediol, 1-pentanol, pentanoic acid, glutaric acid, 1,5-pentanediol, 1-hexanol, hexanoic acid, adipic acid, 1,6-hexanediol, 6-hydroxy hexanoic acid, ε-Caprolactone, 6-amino-hexanoic acid, ε-Caprolactam, hexamethylenediamine, linear fatty acids and linear fatty alcohols that are between 7-25 carbons long, linear alkanes and linear α-alkenes that are between 6-24 carbons long, sebacic acid and dodecanedioic acid comprising: a) converting a C.sub.N aldehyde and pyruvate to a C.sub.N+3 β-hydroxyketone intermediate through an aldol addition; and b) converting the C.sub.N+3 β-hydroxyketone intermediate to the compounds through enzymatic steps, or a combination of enzymatic and chemical steps.

The present invention relates to an enzyme-catalyzed process for producing UDP-galactose from low-cost substrates uridine monophosphate and D-galactose in a single reaction mixture. Said process can be operated (semi)continuously or in batch mode. Said process can be extended to uridine as starting material instead of uridine monophosphate. Further, said process can be adapted to produce galactosylated molecules and biomolecules including saccharides, proteins, peptides, glycoproteins or glycopeptides, particularly human milk oligosaccharides (HMO) and (monoclonal) antibodies.

The present invention provides methods and compositions for treatment of prion disease.

The present disclosure relates to a non-naturally occurring microorganism that includes an endogenous genetic deletion that eliminates the expression of at least a pyruvate kinase, where the genetically modified prokaryotic microorganism is capable of producing 3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate-7-phosphate.

The present invention relates to an enzyme-catalyzed process for producing UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-glucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc) from low-cost substrates uridine monophosphate and N-acetyl-D glucosamine in a single reaction mixture with immobilized or preferably co-immobilized enzymes. Uridine may be used as starting material instead of uridine monophosphate as well. Further, said process may be adapted to produce GlcNAcylated molecules and biomolecules including saccharides, particularly human milk oligosaccharides (HMO), proteins, peptides, glycoproteins, particularly antibodies, or glycopeptides, and bioconjugates, particularly carbohydrate conjugate vaccines and antibody-drug conjugates.