The present invention relates to a covalently closed circular recombinant DNA molecule comprising an origin of replication and an insert comprising a homopolymeric region, wherein the homopolymeric region is located at a distance of least 500 bp from the origin of replication in the direction of replication and/or wherein the insert comprising a homopolymeric region is oriented so that the direction of transcription of the insert is the same as the direction of replication of the origin of replication. The invention further relates to the use of the covalently closed circular recombinant DNA molecule for increasing the yield and/or shortening the fermentation time during fermentation.

Tandem gene pairs are described in which the GC3 Content of one gene changes its level of expression, and changes the level of expression of the tandem gene. This gene control is called Mercury and can be used to control the expression level of a gene of interest. Mercury is used herein to reduce tonic signaling from chimeric antigen receptors by reducing the expression of a chimeric antigen receptor.

Tandem gene pairs are described in which the GC3 Content of one gene changes its level of expression, and changes the level of expression of the tandem gene. This gene control is called Mercury and can be used to control the expression level of a gene of interest. Mercury is used herein to reduce tonic signaling from chimeric antigen receptors by reducing the expression of a chimeric antigen receptor.

The present invention relates to alkyne- and/or azide-modified mRNA, processes for producing such modified mRNA, cells which are transfected to include the modified mRNA, pharmaceutical compositions containing the modified mRNA or cells including the modified mRNA, and to uses of such mRNA, cells or pharmaceutical compositions in mRNA based therapeutic and/or prophylactic applications.

The present inventions describes a Facile Accelerated Specific Therapeutic (FAST) pipeline to rapidly design, built and test peptide nucleic acid treatments against mammalian or microbial genes of interest. The invention may include a bioinformatics application for facile and accelerated high throughput design of peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) that act as inhibitors of expression of specific targeted genes by binding to their mRNA to block translation, or PNA activators that can activate expression of target genes by binding to the respective promoter regions and recruitment of transcriptional activators. The invention may further involve automated and high throughput parallel synthesis of a PNA inhibitor/activator library for generation of on-site therapeutic molecules, which may reduce storage requirements, and the development of efficient delivery of therapeutic PNAs to host cells to overcome challenges of transport, toxicity, and bioavailability. The invention may further involve the testing of designed and built PNAs in a high throughput manner in a relevant infection, or mammalian cell culture model. The proposed invention may allow identification of important gene targets, and quickly generate translatable therapies that can be tested under host conditions, and most importantly develop a countermeasure platform that can be deployed on-site in the future to generate therapies in short time scales.

The present inventions describes a Facile Accelerated Specific Therapeutic (FAST) pipeline to rapidly design, built and test peptide nucleic acid treatments against mammalian or microbial genes of interest. The invention may include a bioinformatics application for facile and accelerated high throughput design of peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) that act as inhibitors of expression of specific targeted genes by binding to their mRNA to block translation, or PNA activators that can activate expression of target genes by binding to the respective promoter regions and recruitment of transcriptional activators. The invention may further involve automated and high throughput parallel synthesis of a PNA inhibitor/activator library for generation of on-site therapeutic molecules, which may reduce storage requirements, and the development of efficient delivery of therapeutic PNAs to host cells to overcome challenges of transport, toxicity, and bioavailability. The invention may further involve the testing of designed and built PNAs in a high throughput manner in a relevant infection, or mammalian cell culture model. The proposed invention may allow identification of important gene targets, and quickly generate translatable therapies that can be tested under host conditions, and most importantly develop a countermeasure platform that can be deployed on-site in the future to generate therapies in short time scales.

Compositions and methods for gene editing. In some embodiments, a polynucleotide encoding Cas9 is provided that can provide one or more of improved editing efficiency, reduced immunogenicity, or other benefits.

Compositions and methods for gene editing. In some embodiments, a polynucleotide encoding Cas9 is provided that can provide one or more of improved editing efficiency, reduced immunogenicity, or other benefits.

Provided herein are method of treating cancer using agents that inhibit the interaction between Methyltransferase like 3 (METTL3) and Eukaryotic Translation Initiation Factor 3 Subunit H (EIF3h), and optionally agents that inhibit Bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4). The present disclosure demonstrates the topology of individual polyribosomes with single METTL3 foci found in close proximity to 5′ cap-binding proteins, revealing a previously unknown direct physical and functional interaction between METTL3 and the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 subunit h (eIF3h).

Provided is a polypeptide tag. The amino acid sequence of the polypeptide tag is Xaa1Xaa2Xaa3PHDYNXaa4Xaa5Xaa6 (SEQ ID NO: 37), wherein in the formula, Xaa1, Xaa2, Xaa3, Xaa4, Xaa5, and Xaa6 are each independently an amino acid or none. The polypeptide tag is used for labeling a target protein. In a second aspect, provided is a polypeptide fusion protein, comprising the following two structures: (1) any polypeptide tag according to the first aspect, and (2) a target protein connected to the polypeptide tag. Also provided are an in vitro cell-free protein synthesis system and an application thereof in in vitro protein synthesis. By constructing the polypeptide tag and a target protein as a fusion protein, the expression of the labeled target protein can be effectively increased without removing the polypeptide tag.