The present invention relates to a technology for constructing and producing, in the form of virus-like particles (VLPs), alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) isolated from a plant transformed using a recombinant vector for plant expression that is targeted to the chloroplast, and provides a recombinant vector comprising a polynucleotide encoding a recombinant protein in which a chloroplast-targeting protein and an AMV capsid protein are fused. The present invention also provides a transgenic plant transformed by the recombinant vector, a method for isolating and purifying a target protein from the transgenic plant, a method for producing virus-like particles using same, and the like.