The invention provides a fungal cell, such as a yeast cell, capable of growing in co-cultivation with Propionibacterium. Also provided are methods of producing such cells and fermentation processes using the fungal cell of the invention and Propionibacterium in co-cultivation. Such co-cultivation significantly reduces the chemical oxygen demand load of the waste fermentation broth.

The present disclosure relates to a genetically modified host cell having increased production of one or more vitamin B compounds, wherein the host cell is genetically modified by mutating one or more native polynucleotide constructs for reducing formation of a CRP-cAMP complex in the host cell and/or introducing one or more genetic alterations increasing the degradation and/or non-CRP binding of cAMP in the host cell; whereby the production of the vitamin B compound in the genetically modified host cell is increased compared to a parent host cell.

The present disclosure relates to a genetically modified host cell having increased production of one or more vitamin B compounds, wherein the host cell is genetically modified by mutating one or more native polynucleotide constructs for reducing formation of a CRP-cAMP complex in the host cell and/or introducing one or more genetic alterations increasing the degradation and/or non-CRP binding of cAMP in the host cell; whereby the production of the vitamin B compound in the genetically modified host cell is increased compared to a parent host cell.

The invention provides a fungal cell, such as a yeast cell, capable of growing in co-cultivation with Propionibacterium. Also provided are methods of producing such cells and fermentation processes using the fungal cell of the invention and Propionibacterium in co-cultivation. Such co-cultivation significantly reduces the chemical oxygen demand load of the waste fermentation broth.

The invention provides a fungal cell, such as a yeast cell, capable of growing in co-cultivation with Propionibacterium. Also provided are methods of producing such cells and fermentation processes using the fungal cell of the invention and Propionibacterium in co-cultivation. Such co-cultivation significantly reduces the chemical oxygen demand load of the waste fermentation broth.

Spirulina products, biomass, extracts, various food products, nutritional supplements, and methods of preparing and using the spirulina products are provided. The spirulina products are prepared from Arthrospira spp. biomass that is cultivated under controlled, ultra-high-density conditions with strong UV illumination and strong continuous mixing. The spirulina products may be made of the algal biomass and/or wet/dry extracts thereof, and are characterized by high levels of unopposed B12, providing more bioavailable B12 than pseudo-B12. Spirulina products may have more bioavailable B12 than pseudo-B12 (e.g., at least two or three times more bioavailable B12 than pseudo-B12, and up to thousands of times more), providing a large portion of the required daily B12 intake in a broad range of food products.

Spirulina products, biomass, extracts, various food products, nutritional supplements, and methods of preparing and using the spirulina products are provided. The spirulina products are prepared from Arthrospira spp. biomass that is cultivated under controlled, ultra-high-density conditions with strong UV illumination and strong continuous mixing. The spirulina products may be made of the algal biomass and/or wet/dry extracts thereof, and are characterized by high levels of unopposed B12, providing more bioavailable B12 than pseudo-B12. Spirulina products may have more bioavailable B12 than pseudo-B12 (e.g., at least two or three times more bioavailable B12 than pseudo-B12, and up to thousands of times more), providing a large portion of the required daily B12 intake in a broad range of food products.