The present invention belongs to the field of diagnosis of disease. Thus the present invention is focused on a method and kit and system for quantifying the level of minimal residual disease (MRD) in a subject who has been treated for said disease, as well as a method of treatment of said disease in a subject which comprises a step of quantifying the level of minimal residual diseases, wherein said quantifying comprises: (a) identifying, amplifying and sequencing a nucleotide sequence in a biological sample obtained from said subject after treatment for said disease, wherein the gDNA of said biological sample has an average weight, k, per cell, and wherein said nucleotide sequence is identified using primers and is amplified using an amount, D, to afford a first list of characters; (b) identifying, amplifying and sequencing a nucleotide sequence in a biological sample obtained from a subject with said disease using the same primers as in step (a) to afford a second list of characters; (c) determining, for each first list of characters obtained in step (a), the degree of similarity, DS, with each second list of characters obtained in step (b); (d) selecting, for each first list of characters obtained in step (a), the DS of highest value, DS.sub.HV; (e) adding up the number of first lists of characters obtained in step (a) which have a DS.sub.HV that is greater than a threshold value, T, to obtain L.sub.c; (f) adding up the total number of lists of characters, L.sub.t, in the first list of characters; and (g) calculating the level of minimal residual disease (MRD) according to either of the following formulae:
MRD=(L.sub.c×k)/(L.sub.t×D)
or
MRD=L.sub.c/L.sub.t
or
MRD=L.sub.c×(D/k)/L.sub.t.sup.2.

Methods and systems for highly sensitive detection of methylation changes in DNA samples are provided, particularly in DNA samples obtained from biological fluids such as plasma and urine.

Methods and systems for highly sensitive detection of methylation changes in DNA samples are provided, particularly in DNA samples obtained from biological fluids such as plasma and urine.

Methods and systems for highly sensitive detection of methylation changes in DNA samples are provided, particularly in DNA samples obtained from biological fluids such as plasma and urine.

Provided herein is the identification of markers associated with THCV, THCVA, CBDV, CBDVA, CBGV, or CBGVA production in Cannabis plants and their use in selecting Cannabis plants having modified THCV, THCVA, CBDV, CBDVA, CBGV, or CBGVA activity. The markers are useful for breeding plants having modified varin activity, including elevated THCV levels, by obtaining nucleic acids, detecting one or more markers that indicate modified varin activity, and establishing plant lines having such characteristics.

Provided herein is the identification of markers associated with THCV, THCVA, CBDV, CBDVA, CBGV, or CBGVA production in Cannabis plants and their use in selecting Cannabis plants having modified THCV, THCVA, CBDV, CBDVA, CBGV, or CBGVA activity. The markers are useful for breeding plants having modified varin activity, including elevated THCV levels, by obtaining nucleic acids, detecting one or more markers that indicate modified varin activity, and establishing plant lines having such characteristics.

The present invention relates to a method of diagnosing or predicting the prognosis of colorectal cancer by measuring the methylation level in the intragenic region of PDXJ, EN2 and/or MSXJ. The present invention provides highly reliable biomarkers for colorectal cancer by identifying CpG regions in genes that are hypermethylated specifically in colorectal cancer patients, and also provides optimized methylation-specific PCR (MSP) primers capable of efficiently detecting the identified CpG regions. Accordingly, the present invention may provide important clinical information that makes it possible to accurately predict not only the onset of colorectal cancer, but also overall prognosis including the degree of invasion of cancer tissue, the likelihood of metastasis, and the survival rate of the patient, thereby establishing a treatment strategy early and significantly improving the survival rate of colorectal cancer patients. The present invention also provides, as guidelines for the design of primers capable of accurately detecting DNA methylation, optimal parameters for the amplicon length, the total number of CpGs in target gene-binding regions of the primers, and the range of Tm values.

Provided herein are methods for labeling input DNA with oligonucleotide barcode sequences, and selective PCR amplification of DNA sequence variants across the targeted regions for variant quantitation.

Provided herein are methods for labeling input DNA with oligonucleotide barcode sequences, and selective PCR amplification of DNA sequence variants across the targeted regions for variant quantitation.

Methods of detecting methylated CpG are provided. Accordingly, there is provided a method of determining CpG methylation status in a DNA sample, the method comprising: (a) subjecting the DNA sample to bisulfite conversion; (b) amplifying said DNA sample following said (a) to obtain an amplified DNA sample; (c) labeling CpG sites in said amplified DNA sample with a label to obtain a labeled DNA sample; (d) contacting said labeled DNA sample on an array comprising a plurality of probes for said DNA under conditions which allow specific hybridization between said plurality of probes and said DNA; and (e)detecting said hybridization, wherein an amount of said label is indicative of the CpG methylation status in said DNA sample.