Provided is a method for diagnosing upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma with low invasiveness and high reliability. A method for identifying a cell or tissue having upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma, comprising: detecting the DNA methylation level of at least one of specific CpG sites in genomic DNA derived from an upper urinary tract urothelial cell or a tissue containing the upper urinary tract urothelial cell; and determining whether the cell or tissue containing such a cell has upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma on the basis of the detected DNA methylation level.

The present disclosure describes a method of detecting, diagnosing, or predicting congenital heart defect (CHD). The method is a primarily minimally invasive method, as it uses a biological sample from a subject for detecting methylation changes in the nucleic acids of the subject. The method also involves the use of artificial intelligence (AI).

The present disclosure describes a method of detecting, diagnosing, or predicting congenital heart defect (CHD). The method is a primarily minimally invasive method, as it uses a biological sample from a subject for detecting methylation changes in the nucleic acids of the subject. The method also involves the use of artificial intelligence (AI).

Provided herein, among other things, is a method for synthesizing spatially addressed nucleic acid barcodes in or on a cellular sample in situ. In some embodiments, the method may comprise: obtaining a cellular sample comprising nucleic acid molecules that are protected by a reversible terminator, deprotecting the nucleic acid molecules in a set of areas of the sample by selectively applying an external stimulus to the set of areas to produce deprotected nucleic acid molecules in the areas, applying a reversible terminator nucleotide to the cellular sample, resulting in addition of a reversible terminator onto the deprotected nucleic acid molecules, optionally removing any unreacted reversible terminator nucleotide from the sample, and repeating the steps one or more times.

Provided herein, among other things, is a method for synthesizing spatially addressed nucleic acid barcodes in or on a cellular sample in situ. In some embodiments, the method may comprise: obtaining a cellular sample comprising nucleic acid molecules that are protected by a reversible terminator, deprotecting the nucleic acid molecules in a set of areas of the sample by selectively applying an external stimulus to the set of areas to produce deprotected nucleic acid molecules in the areas, applying a reversible terminator nucleotide to the cellular sample, resulting in addition of a reversible terminator onto the deprotected nucleic acid molecules, optionally removing any unreacted reversible terminator nucleotide from the sample, and repeating the steps one or more times.

Techniques are provided for generating an array-specific range of Tm values to be used for calling a sample in a given array positive or negative for a target nucleic acid sequence. A sample well in an array is provided with a control sample containing a control nucleic acid sequence. The control sample is amplified by thermal cycling the sample well. A Tm value for the control sample is identified and compared to an expected Tm value for the control nucleic acid sequence to calculate a relationship between the identified control Tm value and the expected control Tm value. By applying this relationship to an expected Tm value for a target nucleic acid sequence, an array-specific range of Tm values for the target nucleic acid sequence is generated and can be used for calling an experimental sample in the same array positive or negative for the target nucleic acid sequence.

Techniques are provided for generating an array-specific range of Tm values to be used for calling a sample in a given array positive or negative for a target nucleic acid sequence. A sample well in an array is provided with a control sample containing a control nucleic acid sequence. The control sample is amplified by thermal cycling the sample well. A Tm value for the control sample is identified and compared to an expected Tm value for the control nucleic acid sequence to calculate a relationship between the identified control Tm value and the expected control Tm value. By applying this relationship to an expected Tm value for a target nucleic acid sequence, an array-specific range of Tm values for the target nucleic acid sequence is generated and can be used for calling an experimental sample in the same array positive or negative for the target nucleic acid sequence.

Techniques are provided for generating an array-specific range of Tm values to be used for calling a sample in a given array positive or negative for a target nucleic acid sequence. A sample well in an array is provided with a control sample containing a control nucleic acid sequence. The control sample is amplified by thermal cycling the sample well. A Tm value for the control sample is identified and compared to an expected Tm value for the control nucleic acid sequence to calculate a relationship between the identified control Tm value and the expected control Tm value. By applying this relationship to an expected Tm value for a target nucleic acid sequence, an array-specific range of Tm values for the target nucleic acid sequence is generated and can be used for calling an experimental sample in the same array positive or negative for the target nucleic acid sequence.

The invention is in the field of regulation of enzymatic activity in nucleic acid modifying reactions. It describes a method of regulating enzymatic activity by adding chelating agents to the reaction composition and exploits the fact that both the binding of divalent cations to these chelating agents and the pH of commonly used buffers is temperature dependent. PCR experiments that are hampered by non-specific side products can be regulated such that the target sequence is amplified in a more specific manner.

The invention is in the field of regulation of enzymatic activity in nucleic acid modifying reactions. It describes a method of regulating enzymatic activity by adding chelating agents to the reaction composition and exploits the fact that both the binding of divalent cations to these chelating agents and the pH of commonly used buffers is temperature dependent. PCR experiments that are hampered by non-specific side products can be regulated such that the target sequence is amplified in a more specific manner.