Described are techniques for determining population structure from identity-by-descent (IBD) of individuals. The techniques may be used to predict that an individual belongs to zero, one or more of a number of communities identified within an IBD network. Additional data may be used to annotate the communities with birth location, surname, and ethnicity information. In turn, these data may be used to provide to an individual a prediction of membership to zero, one or more communities, accompanied by a summary of the information annotated to those communities.

Methods for human identification using polymorphisms in the Penta E short tandem repeat locus are significant in preventing allelic drop out. An exemplary method encompasses (a) contacting a first primer to a nucleic acid sample to be analyzed, (b) contacting a second primer to the nucleic acid sample, and (c) subjecting the nucleic acid sample, the first primer, and the second primer to an amplification reaction, and thereby forming an amplification product. The first primer, the second primer, or both the first and second primers can be labeled with a non-nucleic-acid label. Additionally, or alternatively, the amplification product can include an adenosine at position 14 from the 5′ end of SEQ ID NO:1, a thymidine at position 21 from the 5′ end of SEQ ID NO:2, or both an adenine at position 14 and a thymidine at position 21 from the 5′ end of SEQ ID NO:3.

Methods for human identification using polymorphisms in the Penta E short tandem repeat locus are significant in preventing allelic drop out. An exemplary method encompasses (a) contacting a first primer to a nucleic acid sample to be analyzed, (b) contacting a second primer to the nucleic acid sample, and (c) subjecting the nucleic acid sample, the first primer, and the second primer to an amplification reaction, and thereby forming an amplification product. The first primer, the second primer, or both the first and second primers can be labeled with a non-nucleic-acid label. Additionally, or alternatively, the amplification product can include an adenosine at position 14 from the 5′ end of SEQ ID NO:1, a thymidine at position 21 from the 5′ end of SEQ ID NO:2, or both an adenine at position 14 and a thymidine at position 21 from the 5′ end of SEQ ID NO:3.

Provided herein are methods of detecting one or more nucleic acids in a biofluid sample. The methods include adding to the biofluid sample a composition comprising a sufficient amount of dextran sulphate to provide between 50 nM and 5 μM dextran sulphate when the composition is added to the biofluid sample.

The present disclosure relates to methods of analyzing and authenticating a sample from a subject. Benefits of the methods disclosed herein can include the detection of multiple analytes in a whole blood sample, and the quantitative measurement of amounts of multiple drugs, or their metabolites, present in a single low volume whole blood sample. A benefit of the methods disclosed herein can include a combination of analyzing drugs or metabolites in a blood sample, and authenticating the blood sample, or a body sample, as being taken from the subject. Additional benefits of the methods herein can be safe, secure, accurate, and reliable authentication of blood samples and other body samples from a subject.

The disclosure relates to insecticidal toxin resistance management and screening of novel insecticidal toxins. One embodiment relates to the isolation, characterization, compositions, and methods of use relating to polynucleotides encoding novel insecticidal toxin receptors and the polypeptides encoded thereby. The polynucleotides and polypeptides are useful in identifying or designing novel insecticidal toxin receptor ligands including novel insecticidal toxins.

The disclosure relates to insecticidal toxin resistance management and screening of novel insecticidal toxins. One embodiment relates to the isolation, characterization, compositions, and methods of use relating to polynucleotides encoding novel insecticidal toxin receptors and the polypeptides encoded thereby. The polynucleotides and polypeptides are useful in identifying or designing novel insecticidal toxin receptor ligands including novel insecticidal toxins.

Temporal variations in one or more characteristics measured from a cell-free DNA sample are used to estimate a gestational age of a fetus. Example characteristics include the methylation level measured from the cell-free DNA sample, size of DNA fragments measured from the cell-free DNA sample (e.g., proportion of fetal-derived DNA fragments longer than a specified size), and ending patterns of the DNA fragments align to a reference genome.

Temporal variations in one or more characteristics measured from a cell-free DNA sample are used to estimate a gestational age of a fetus. Example characteristics include the methylation level measured from the cell-free DNA sample, size of DNA fragments measured from the cell-free DNA sample (e.g., proportion of fetal-derived DNA fragments longer than a specified size), and ending patterns of the DNA fragments align to a reference genome.

Methods and systems are provided for massively parallel genetic analysis of single cells in emulsion droplets or reaction containers. Genetic loci of interest are targeted in a single cell using a set of probes, and a fusion complex is formed by molecular linkage and amplification techniques. Methods are provided for high-throughput, massively parallel analysis of the fusion complex in a single cell in a population of at least 10,000 cells. Also provided are methods for tracing genetic information back to a cell using barcode sequences.