A method is provided that includes adding, using a polymerase coupled to a substrate, nucleotides in a solution to a first polynucleotide using at least a sequence of a second polynucleotide. The method includes separating, using labels respectively coupled to the nucleotides, quenchers from respective fluorophores. The method includes then detecting a sequence in which the polymerase adds the nucleotides to the first polynucleotide using at least fluorescence from the respective fluorophores.

A method is provided that includes adding, using a polymerase coupled to a substrate, nucleotides in a solution to a first polynucleotide using at least a sequence of a second polynucleotide. The method includes separating, using labels respectively coupled to the nucleotides, quenchers from respective fluorophores. The method includes then detecting a sequence in which the polymerase adds the nucleotides to the first polynucleotide using at least fluorescence from the respective fluorophores.

Kits, methods, polypeptides, systems, and non-transitory, machine-readable storage media for detecting a nucleic acid in a sample are described. In an embodiment, the kit comprises a loop primer nucleic acid molecule configured for loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), the loop primer nucleic acid molecule comprising: a targeting sequence complementary to a target portion of a target nucleic acid sequence; and an adapter sequence; a displacement nucleic acid probe comprising: a fluorophore adapter sequence; and the adapter sequence; and a fluorophore adapter complement nucleic acid molecule complementary to the fluorophore adapter sequence, wherein the fluorophore adapter sequence or the fluorophore adapter complement nucleic acid molecule is coupled to a fluorophore. In an embodiment, the system comprises a thermal subsystem for heating a sample disposed therein, and an optical subsystem for optically excited the sample and detecting light emitted from the sample.

Kits, methods, polypeptides, systems, and non-transitory, machine-readable storage media for detecting a nucleic acid in a sample are described. In an embodiment, the kit comprises a loop primer nucleic acid molecule configured for loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), the loop primer nucleic acid molecule comprising: a targeting sequence complementary to a target portion of a target nucleic acid sequence; and an adapter sequence; a displacement nucleic acid probe comprising: a fluorophore adapter sequence; and the adapter sequence; and a fluorophore adapter complement nucleic acid molecule complementary to the fluorophore adapter sequence, wherein the fluorophore adapter sequence or the fluorophore adapter complement nucleic acid molecule is coupled to a fluorophore. In an embodiment, the system comprises a thermal subsystem for heating a sample disposed therein, and an optical subsystem for optically excited the sample and detecting light emitted from the sample.

According to one embodiment, a method for detecting target nucleic acid includes the following steps. (A) A reaction field is formed by placing a reaction mixture on an electrode, and the reaction mixture contains the sample, a primer set, an amplification enzyme, 4 mM to 30 mM of magnesium ion, and a redox probe. The redox probe has an oxidation reduction potential, which generates an electric signal of which amplitude increases. (B) The reaction field is maintained under an amplification reaction condition. (C) The electric signal is detected with the electrode. (D) Existence or quantity of the target nucleic acid is determined.

The disclosure provides methods and systems for nucleic acid amplification including isothermal nucleic acid amplification.

The disclosure provides methods and systems for nucleic acid amplification including isothermal nucleic acid amplification.

When the target (30) is not supplied, the binding via the binding part is maintained, and when the donor fluorescent molecule (11) is excited, energy is transferred to the acceptor fluorescent molecule (21) that is close to the donor fluorescent molecule (11). Then, the acceptor fluorescent molecule (21) exhibits fluorescence. When the target (30) is supplied, the target (30) is bound to the detection part to release the binding via the binding part, and the acceptor fluorescent molecule (21) is separated from the donor fluorescent molecule (11). Then, the donor fluorescent molecule (11) exhibits fluorescence.

When the target (30) is not supplied, the binding via the binding part is maintained, and when the donor fluorescent molecule (11) is excited, energy is transferred to the acceptor fluorescent molecule (21) that is close to the donor fluorescent molecule (11). Then, the acceptor fluorescent molecule (21) exhibits fluorescence. When the target (30) is supplied, the target (30) is bound to the detection part to release the binding via the binding part, and the acceptor fluorescent molecule (21) is separated from the donor fluorescent molecule (11). Then, the donor fluorescent molecule (11) exhibits fluorescence.

A technique for performing a function by utilizing chemical reactions is disclosed. In the technique, solution including an input chemical species having a concentration is provided. A chemical reaction network that includes at least a sequence of chemical reactions starting with the input chemical species to generate a plurality of output chemical species is also prepared. The solution is exposed to the chemical reaction network to present a pattern formed by the plurality of output chemical species depending on the concentration of the input chemical species.