A technique for performing a function by utilizing chemical reactions is disclosed. In the technique, solution including an input chemical species having a concentration is provided. A chemical reaction network that includes at least a sequence of chemical reactions starting with the input chemical species to generate a plurality of output chemical species is also prepared. The solution is exposed to the chemical reaction network to present a pattern formed by the plurality of output chemical species depending on the concentration of the input chemical species.

Among other things, the present disclosure is related to devices and methods of performing biological and chemical assays, such as but not limited to immunoassays and nucleic assay acid, particularly a homogeneous assay that does not use a wash step and that is fast (e.g., 60 seconds from dropping a sample to displaying results). The present disclosure is related to both competitive and non-competitive homogeneous assays.

Among other things, the present disclosure is related to devices and methods of performing biological and chemical assays, such as but not limited to immunoassays and nucleic assay acid, particularly a homogeneous assay that does not use a wash step and that is fast (e.g., 60 seconds from dropping a sample to displaying results). The present disclosure is related to both competitive and non-competitive homogeneous assays.

Disclosed herein are erasable label systems that involve nanocage molecules positioned around nanoparticles, which can be loaded with, bound to, or adsorbed with imaging agents. The nanocages can contain targeting arms composed of ssDNA or ssRNA that can be used to target biomolecules. For DNA or RNA targeting, this can be done directly. Antibodies can be targeted using avidin-biotin coupling to ssDNA or direct ssDNA conjugation to the antibody surface. ssDNA or ssRNA complementary to one of the arms can then be used to “erase” the label.

Disclosed herein are erasable label systems that involve nanocage molecules positioned around nanoparticles, which can be loaded with, bound to, or adsorbed with imaging agents. The nanocages can contain targeting arms composed of ssDNA or ssRNA that can be used to target biomolecules. For DNA or RNA targeting, this can be done directly. Antibodies can be targeted using avidin-biotin coupling to ssDNA or direct ssDNA conjugation to the antibody surface. ssDNA or ssRNA complementary to one of the arms can then be used to “erase” the label.

The present application provides methods for detecting a nucleic acid molecule involving the use of a signal code sequence which corresponds to said nucleic acid molecule and a plurality of labelled detection probes which yield signals which make up the signal code sequence. In particular, the invention provides a sequential barcoding and decoding scheme which utilises a sequencing-by-hybridisation (SBH) strategy to sequence and decode a nucleotide barcode sequence, and to differentiate the nucleotide barcode sequence from other nucleotide barcode sequences. In an extension of the method, the application also provides a new coding scheme for providing a target nucleic acid with a detectable “colour” (or similar signal)-based code.

The present application provides methods for detecting a nucleic acid molecule involving the use of a signal code sequence which corresponds to said nucleic acid molecule and a plurality of labelled detection probes which yield signals which make up the signal code sequence. In particular, the invention provides a sequential barcoding and decoding scheme which utilises a sequencing-by-hybridisation (SBH) strategy to sequence and decode a nucleotide barcode sequence, and to differentiate the nucleotide barcode sequence from other nucleotide barcode sequences. In an extension of the method, the application also provides a new coding scheme for providing a target nucleic acid with a detectable “colour” (or similar signal)-based code.

The present application provides methods for detecting a nucleic acid molecule involving the use of a signal code sequence which corresponds to said nucleic acid molecule and a plurality of labelled detection probes which yield signals which make up the signal code sequence. In particular, the invention provides a sequential barcoding and decoding scheme which utilises a sequencing-by-hybridisation (SBH) strategy to sequence and decode a nucleotide barcode sequence, and to differentiate the nucleotide barcode sequence from other nucleotide barcode sequences. In an extension of the method, the application also provides a new coding scheme for providing a target nucleic acid with a detectable “colour” (or similar signal)-based code.

The present application provides methods for detecting a nucleic acid molecule involving the use of a signal code sequence which corresponds to said nucleic acid molecule and a plurality of labelled detection probes which yield signals which make up the signal code sequence. In particular, the invention provides a sequential barcoding and decoding scheme which utilises a sequencing-by-hybridisation (SBH) strategy to sequence and decode a nucleotide barcode sequence, and to differentiate the nucleotide barcode sequence from other nucleotide barcode sequences. In an extension of the method, the application also provides a new coding scheme for providing a target nucleic acid with a detectable “colour” (or similar signal)-based code.

Among other things, the present disclosure is related to devices and methods of performing biological and chemical assays, such as but not limited to immunoassays and nucleic assay acid, particularly a homogeneous assay that does not use a wash step and that is fast (e.g., 60 seconds from dropping a sample to displaying results). The present disclosure is related to both competitive and non-competitive homogeneous assays.