press hardening method includes the following steps: A. the provision of a steel sheet for heat-treatment, precoated with a zinc- or aluminum-based pre-coating, B. the deposition of a hydrogen barrier pre-coating over a thickness from 10 to 550 nm, and comprising at least one element chosen from among: nickel, chromium, magnesium, aluminum and yttrium, C. batch annealing of the precoated steel sheet to obtain a pre-alloyed steel sheet, the cooling after the batch annealing being performed at a speed of 29.0° C.h.sup.−1 or less, D. the cutting of the pre-alloyed steel sheet to obtain blank, E. thermal treatment of the blank to obtain a fully austenitic microstructure in the steel, F. the transfer of the blank into a press tool, G. the hot-forming of the blank to obtain a part, H. the cooling of the part obtained at step G).

Methods of fabricating objects using additive manufacturing are provided. The methods create in situ dispersoids within the object. The methods are used with refractory alloy powders which are pretreated to increase the oxygen content to between 500 ppm and 3000 ppm or to increase the nitrogen content to between 250 ppm and 1500 ppm. The pretreated powders are then formed into layers in an environmentally controlled chamber of an additive manufacturing machine. The environmentally controlled chamber is adjusted to have between 500 ppm and 200 ppm oxygen. The layer of pretreated powder is then exposed to a transient moving energy source for melting and solidifying the layer; and creating in situ dispersoids in the layer.

Methods of fabricating objects using additive manufacturing are provided. The methods create in situ dispersoids within the object. The methods are used with refractory alloy powders which are pretreated to increase the oxygen content to between 500 ppm and 3000 ppm or to increase the nitrogen content to between 250 ppm and 1500 ppm. The pretreated powders are then formed into layers in an environmentally controlled chamber of an additive manufacturing machine. The environmentally controlled chamber is adjusted to have between 500 ppm and 200 ppm oxygen. The layer of pretreated powder is then exposed to a transient moving energy source for melting and solidifying the layer; and creating in situ dispersoids in the layer.

Embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to a process chamber for conformal oxidation of high aspect ratio structures. The process chamber includes a liner assembly located in a first side of a chamber body and two pumping ports located in a substrate support portion adjacent a second side of the chamber body opposite the first side. The liner assembly includes a flow divider to direct fluid flow away from a center of a substrate disposed in a processing region of the process chamber. The liner assembly may be fabricated from quartz minimize interaction with process gases, such as radicals. The liner assembly is designed to reduce flow constriction of the radicals, leading to increased radical concentration and flux. The two pumping ports can be individually controlled to tune the flow of the radicals through the processing region of the process chamber.

A gas injector for processing a substrate includes a body having an inlet connectable to a gas source that is configured to provide a gas flow in a first direction into the inlet when processing a substrate on a substrate support disposed within a processing volume of a processing chamber, and an a gas injection channel formed in the body. The gas injection channel is in fluid communication with the inlet and configured to deliver the gas flow to an inlet of the processing chamber. The gas injection channel has a first interior surface and a second interior surface that are parallel to a second direction and a third direction. The second and third directions do not intersect a center of the substrate, and are at an angle to the first direction towards a first edge of the substrate support.

The present disclosure provides zirconium powder particles comprising pure zirconium powder particles with an oxide layer ranging from 0.05 to 5 microns in thickness and/or zirconium alloy powder particles with an oxide layer ranging from 0.05 to 5 microns in thickness. In some embodiments, the zirconium powder particles may be spherical particles, the zirconium powder particles may range from 5 microns to 125 microns in diameter, and/or the zirconium powder particles may have a median particle size ranging from 25 to 70 microns in diameter. The present disclosure further provides methods of producing medical implants or medical implant components by a process that comprises selectively applying energy to such zirconium powder particles to build the medical implants or the medical implant components. In some embodiments, the methods comprise repeatedly forming a layer of zirconium powder particles and irradiating the layer of zirconium powder particles with an energy source.

A method of incorporating silver and/or copper into a biomedical implant includes: providing an implant having an outer surface; depositing silver and/or copper onto the outer surface of the implant; diffusing the silver and/or copper into a subsurface zone adjacent the outer surface; and oxidizing or anodizing the implant after the diffusion step to form an oxidized or anodized layer that contains at least some amount of elemental silver, elemental copper or silver or copper ions or compounds.

A method for manufacturing a metal ring laminate includes: performing an aging treatment on a metal ring laminate in which a plurality of metal rings made of maraging steel are laminated; and performing a nitriding treatment on the metal ring laminate that has been nitrided. Oxidizing treatment is performed after the aging treatment but before the nitriding treatment at a temperature equal to or higher than 350° C. and lower than an aging treatment temperature.

Some embodiments include a method of forming a conductive structure. A metal-containing conductive material is formed over a supporting substrate. A surface of the metal-containing conductive material is exposed to at least one radical form of hydrogen and to at least one oxidant. The exposure alters at least a portion of the metal-containing conductive material to thereby form at least a portion of the conductive structure. Some embodiments include a conductive structure which has a metal-containing conductive material with a first region adjacent to a second region. The first region has a greater concentration of one or both of fluorine and boron relative to the second region.

An antimicrobial and adhesion-proof titanium tableware and a manufacturing method of the same are provided. The antimicrobial and adhesion-proof titanium tableware is made of a titanium substrate, and includes a contact portion and an oxidation layer structure. The contact portion is used for contacting foods, food ingredients, drinking water, beverages, or body parts of a user. The oxidation layer structure is formed on one part of a surface of the titanium substrate corresponding to the contact portion. The titanium substrate is made of titanium in α phase, and the oxidation layer structure is a titanium dioxide film in a rutile crystalline form. The oxidation layer structure has a roughened surface and an oxygen diffusion layer formed at an interface of the oxidation layer structure and the titanium substrate.